“Spiritual Labour”
Working on the Spiritual Marketplace and Producing Spirituality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/imre.v15i4.395Keywords:
Implicit Religion, spiritual labour, emotion work, Deepak Chopra CenterAbstract
This article tries to answer two questions: What is the ontological status of the concept of “implicit religion” and what are its uses? It concludes that “implicit religion” does not exist as a thing; it is a scholar’s tool. It cannot be demarcated and spotted out there in the world as a manifestation of a given set of characteristics. Is there something to be gained with this tool “implicit religion”? It is potentially useful when it can enable one to highlight connections between fields that are otherwise understood as distinct from one another.References
Aupers, S. and D. Houtman. 2006. “Beyond the Spiritual Supermarket: The Social and Public Significance of New Age Spirituality.” Journal of Contemporary Religion 21(2): 201–222.
Bourdieu, P., G. Sapiro and B. McHale. 1991. First Lecture. “Social Space and Symbolic Space: Introduction to a Japanese Reading of Distinction.” Poetics Today 12(4): 627–638.
Bowman, M. 1999. “Healing in the Spiritual Marketplace: Consumers, Courses and Credentialism.” Social Compass 46(2): 181–189.
Carrette, J. R., and R. King. 2005. Selling Spirituality: The Silent Takeover of Religion. London: Routledge.
Casey, C. 2000. “Work, Non-work and Resacralizing Self.” Social Compass 47(4): 571.
Dreyer, E. A. 2008. “How to Remain Faithful in a Consuming Culture and Is New Age Spirituality All That New?” Religious Studies Review 34(1): 1–8.
Flesch, H. 2010. “Balancing Act: Women and the Study of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 16(1): 20–25.
Hammer, O. 2001. Claiming Knowledge. Strategies of Epistemology from Theosophy to the New Age. Leiden: Brill.
Hanegraaff, W. 1996. New Age Religion and Western Culture. Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Heelas, P. 1996. The New Age Movement: the Celebration of the Self and the Sacralization of Modernity. Oxford: Blackwell.
———. 2008. Spiritualities of Life: New Age romanticism and consumptive capitalism. Oxford: Blackwell.
Heelas, P., and L. Woodhead. 2005. Spiritual Revolution. Why Religion is Giving Way to Spirituality. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hochschild, A.R. 1979. “Emotion Work, Feeling Rules and Social Structure.” American Journal of Sociology 85(3): 551–575.
———. 2003a. The Commercialization of Intimate Life: Notes from Home and Work. Berkeley: University of California Press.
———. 2003b. The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Houtman, D., and S. Aupers. 2007. “The Spiritual Turn and the Decline of Tradition: The Spread of Post-Christian Spirituality in 14 Western Countries, 1981–2000.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 46(3): 305–320.
———. 2008. “The Spiritual Revolution and the New Age Gender Puzzle.” In Women and Religion in the West: Challenging Secularization, edited by K. Aune, S. Sharma and G. Vincett, 99–118. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Illouz, E. 2010. Cold Intimacies: The Making of Emotional Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity.
Knoblauch, H. 2008. Spirituality and Popular Religion in Europe. Social Compass 55(2): 140–153.
Lair, D. J., S. Shenoy, J. G. McClellan and T. McGuire. 2008. “The Politics of Meaning/ful Work.” Management Communication Quarterly 22(1): 172–180.
Lau, K. J. 2000. New Age Capitalism: Making Money East of Eden. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
McGuire, M. B. 1993. “Health and Spirituality as Contemporary Concerns.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527: 144–154.
McGuire, M. B., and D. Kantor. 1988. Ritual Healing in Suburban America. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
McGuire, T. 2010. “From Emotions to Spirituality: ‘Spiritual Labor’ as the Commodification, Codification, and Regulation of Organizational Members’ Spirituality.” Management Communication Quarterly 24(1): 74–103.
Partridge, C. 2005. The Re-enchantment of the West, Volume 1. Understanding Popular Occulture. London: Continuum.
Possamaï, A. 2003. “Alternative Spiritualities and the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism.” Culture and Religion: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4(1): 31–45.
Redden, G. 2005. “The New Age: Towards a Market Model.” Journal of Contemporary Religion 20(2): 231–246.
Riis, O., and L. Woodhead. 2010. A Sociology of Religious Emotion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Roof, W. C. 1999. Spiritual Marketplace: Baby Boomers and the Remaking of American Religion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Sointu, E. 2006. “The Search for Wellbeing in Alternative and Complementary Health Practices.” Sociology of Health & Illness 28(3): 330–349.
Sointu, E., and L. Woodhead. 2008. “Spirituality, Gender, and Expressive Self-hood.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 47(2): 259–276.
Stolz, J. 2006. “Salvation Goods and Religious Markets: Integrating Rational Choice and Weberian Perspectives.” Social Compass 53(1): 13–32.
Taylor, S. 2010. “Gendering in the Holistic Milieu: A Critical Realist Analysis of Homeopathic Work.” Gender, Work & Organization 17(4): 454–474.
Woodhead, L. 2005. “Gendering Secularisation Theory.” Kvinder, Køn og Forskning 1: 24–35.
———. 2007. “Why So Many Women in Holistic Spirituality? A Puzzle Revisited.” In The Sociology of Spirituality, edited by K. Flanagan and P. Jupp, 115–125. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Zinnbauer, B., K. Pargament, Brenda Cole, Mark S. Rye, Eric M. Butter, Timothy G. Belavich, Kathleen M. Hipp, Allie B. Scott and Jill L. Kadar. 1997. “Religion and Spirituality: Unfuzzying the Fuzzy.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 36(4): 549–564.
