Issues Arising from an Ethnographic Investigation of the Religious Identity Formation of Young People in Mixed-faith Families
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/firn.v5i1.8Keywords:
empirical research methods and ethics, ethnography, mixed-faith families, religiousAbstract
This article documents and discusses issues arising from an ethnographic study of the religious identity formation of young people growing up in mixed-faith families. It reports and reflects on challenges to the design of our project, possible explanations for these challenges and the ways in which we addressed them. The areas where we encountered difficulties relate, firstly, to the combination of traditional ethnography with cyber-ethnography and, secondly, to sampling, interviewing and participant observation. There are implications for our project and for future empirical studies of families, especially those with particular focus on religion, culture and identity. The intention of this article is thus twofold: to make a contribution to debates regarding methodsand ethical aspects of ethnography and, through the reflections on our research experiences, to inform researchers who may face similar challenges.
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References
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Allen, C. 1996. “What’s Wrong with the ‘Golden Rule?’ Conundrums of Conducting Ethical Research in Cyberspace,” The Information Society, 12.2, 175–87. doi:10.1080/713856146
Arweck, E. 2006. Researching New Religious Movements. London: Routledge.
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Arweck, E., and Stringer, M. D. 2001. Theorising Faith: The Insider/Outsider Problem in the Study of Ritual. Birmingham: The University of Birmingham Press.
Ata, A. 2000. Intermarriage between Christians and Muslims: A West Bank Study. Melbourne: David Lovell.
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Ballard, R. 1999. “Panth kismet dharm te qaum: Continuity and Change in Four Dimensions of Punjabi Religion,” in Pritam Singh and S. S. Thandi eds. Punjabi Identity in a Global Context. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 7–38.
Barker, E. 1980. “The Professional Stranger: Some Methodological Problems Encountered in a Study of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon’s Unification Church.” Open University Course Media Notes for AD207, An Introduction to Sociology. Milton Keynes: Open University, 5–15.
Barron, I. 2007. “An Exploration of Young Children’s Ethnic Identities as Communities of Practice,” British Journal of Sociology of Education, 28.6, 739–52. doi:10.1080/ 01425690701610001
BERA (British Educational Research Association). 2004. Revised Guidelines for Education Research. Macclesfield: BERA.
Berthoud, R. 2005. “Family Formation in Britain: Diversity and Change,” in G. Loury, T. Modood and S. Teles eds. Ethnicity, Social Mobility and Public Policy: Comparing the US and UK. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 222–53.
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Birtwistle, R. 2006. “Daylight and Darkness: Images of Christians in Mixed Marriages,” Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, 17.3, 331–42. doi:10.1080/09596410600795001
Bolognani, M. 2007. “Islam, Ethnography and Politics: Methodological Issues in Researching Amongst West Yorkshire Pakistanis in 2005,” International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 10.4, 279–93. doi:10.1080/13645570701546570
Booth, L. n.d. “Asians Prefer to Marry Own Race.” Retrieved August 10, 2007, from BBC Asian Network.
Bradford, B. 2006. Who are the “Mixed” Ethnic Group? London: Office for National Statistics.
BSA (British Sociological Association) n.d. retrieved last March 5, 2008, from (http://www.britsoc.co.uk/equality/Statement+Ethical+Practice.htm)
Caballero, C., R. Edwards, and D. Smith. 2008. Parenting “Mixed” Children: Negotiating Difference and Belonging in Mixed Race, Ethnicity and Faith Families. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Christensen, P. 2004. “Children’s Participation in Ethnographic Research: Issues of Power and Representation,” Children and Society, 18, 165–76. doi:10.1002/chi.823
Danet, B. B. (n.d.). “Studies of Cyberpl@y: Ethical and Methodological Aspects,” retrieved December 7, 2006, from http://atar.mscc.huji.ac.il/~msdanet/papers/ethics2.pdf
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Geaves, R. 1998. “The Borders between Religions: A Challenge to the World Religions Approach to Religious Education,” British Journal of Religious Education, 21.1, 20–31.
Gent, W. 2006. “Muslim Supplementary Classes and their Place within the Wider Learning Community: A Redbridge-based Study.” Unpublished EdD thesis; Coventry: Institute of Education, University of Warwick.
Green, N., and M. Searle-Chatterjee. 2008. “Religion, Language, and Power: An Introductory Essay,” in N. Green and M. Searle-Chatterjee eds. Religion, Language, and Power. London: Routledge, 1–26.
Hall, A. 1996. Mixed Race Relationships in the UK: An Annotated Bibliography of Sources. Coventry: Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations. doi:10.1080/0141192960220305
Haw, K. 1996. “Exploring the Educational Experiences of Muslim Girls: Tales Told to Tourists – Should the White Researcher Stay at Home?” British Educational Research Journal, 22.3, 319–39.
—1998. Educating Muslim Girls: Shifting Discourses. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Holland, J. 2007. “Emotions and Research,” International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 10.3, 195–209. doi:10.1080/13645570701541894
Illingworth, N. 2001. “The Internet Matters: Exploring the Use of the Internet as a Research Tool,” Sociological Research Online, 6.2. Retrieved November 29, 2006, from http://www.socresonline.org.uk/6/2/illingworth.html
Ipgrave, J. 2001. Pupil-to-Pupil Dialogue in the Classroom as a Tool for Religious Education. Coventry: Institute of Education, University of Warwick.
Jackson, R., and E. Nesbitt. 1993. Hindu Children in Britain. Stoke on Trent: Trentham.
Jacobs, J. L. 2002. “Transitional Identities: Self, Other, and the Ethnographic Process,” in J. V. Spickard, J. S. Landres and M. B. McGuire eds. Personal Knowledge and Beyond: Reshaping the Ethnography of Religion. New York: New York University Press, 88–99.
Jacobson, J. 1997. “Religion and Ethnicity: Dual and Alternative Sources of Identity among Young British Pakistanis,” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 20.2, 238–56.
James, A., and A. Prout. 1990. Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood. London & Philadelphia: Falmer.
Jeffries, S. 2005, August 2. “In the Mix: Why Britain is Becoming Less Black and White,” The Guardian, G2, 2.
Jones, S. ed. 1999. Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net. London: Sage.
Kandil, F. 1996. “Ehen zwischen Muslimen und Christen in Deutschland: Religiöse, kulturelle und soziale Problemaspekte einer gemischt religiösen Heirat,” in L. Hagemann, A., Th. Khoury and W. Wanzura eds. Auf dem Weg zum Dialog. Würzburg-Altenberge, 126–62.
Katz, I. 1996. Construction of Racial Identity in Children of Mixed Parentage. London: Jessica Kingsley.
Knowles, C. 2006. “Handling your Baggage in the Field: Reflections on Research Relationships,” International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 9.5, 393–404. doi:10.1080/ 13645570601076819
Lunn, P. 2003, March 23. “Christianity: Culture, Ethnicity and the Spirit,” The Friend, 6–7.
Meho, L. I. 2006. “E-mail: Interviewing in Qualitative Research: A Methodological Discussion,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57.10, 1284–95. doi:10.1002/asi.20416
Morrow, V., and M. Richards. 1996. “The Ethics of Social Research with Children: An Overview,” Children and Society, 10.2, 90–100. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0860(199606) 10:2<90::AID-CHI14>3.0.CO;2-Z
Müller-Dincu, B. 1981. Gemischt-nationale Ehen zwischen deutschen Frauen und Ausländern in der Bundesrepublik. Wiesbaden.
Nesbitt, E. 1991. “ ‘My dad’s Hindu, my mum’s side are Sikhs’: Issues in Religious Identity.” Research and Curriculum Paper; Charlbury: National Foundation for Arts Education, on-line at www.arts.manchester.ac.uk/CASAS/pdfpapers/identity.pdf
—1993. “Photographing Worship: Issues Raised by Ethnographical Study of Children’s Participation in Acts of Worship,” Visual Anthropology, 5.3, 285–306. doi:10.1080/ 08949468.1993.9966594
—1998. “British, Asian and Hindu: Identity, Self-narration and the Ethnographic Interview,” Journal of Beliefs and Values, 19.2, 189–200. doi:10.1080/1361767980190203
—2000. “Representing Faith Traditions in Religious Education: An Ethnographic Perspective,” in L. J. Francis, J. Astley and M. Robbins eds. The Fourth R for the Third Millennium: Education in Religious Values for the Global Future. Dublin: Veritas Publications, 137–58.
—2003. Interfaith Pilgrims: Living Truths and Truthful Living. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
—2004a. Intercultural Education: Ethnographic and Religious Approaches. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
—2004b. “ ‘I’m a Gujarati Lohana and a Vaishnav as well’: Religious identity Formation among Young Coventrian Punjabis and Gujaratis,” in S. Coleman and P. Collins eds. Religion, Identity and Change: Perspectives on Global Transformations. London: Ashgate, 174–90.
—2005. Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nesbitt, E., and E. Arweck. 2006. “Retrospect and Prospect: Sampradayas and Warwick Fieldwork in Religions and Education,” Fieldwork in Religion, 2.1, 49–63.
Ortiz, S. 2004. “Leaving the Private World of Wives and Professional Athletes: A Male Sociologist’s Reflections,” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 33.4, 466–97. doi:10.1177/ 0891241604265980
Phaswana, N. S. 2000. “Marital Problems in Religiously Mixed Marriages amongst the Vhavenda People of South Africa: An African-Christian Perspective.” D.Litt. et Phil.; University of South Africa.
Pollack, N. 2007, February 3. “Like Father, Like Son?”The Guardian, Family, 6–7.
Romain, J. 1996. Till Faith Us Do Part. London: Fount.
Sade-Beck, L. 2004. “Internet Ethnography Online and Offline,” Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3.2, 1–14. Retrieved August 17, 2008, from http://www.ualberta.ca~iiqm/ backissues/3_2/pdf/sadebeck.pdf
Scottish Executive Statistics. 2005. “Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census.” Retrieved November 24, 2006, from http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/ 20757/53570
Selwyn, N., and K. Robson. 1998. “Using Email As A Research Tool,” Social Research Update, Summer. Retrieved February 1, 2007, from http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/sru/ SRU21.html
Shah, S. (2004). “The Researcher/Interviewer in Intercultural Context: A Social Intruder!” British Educational Research Journal, 30.4, 549–75. doi:10.1080/0141192042000237239
Smith, L. 2007, September 26. “Silent Minority: The Ethnic Map of the UK is Changing,” The Guardian, 5.
Spickard, P. R. 1989. Mixed Blood: Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press.
Swain, J. 2006. “An Ethnographic Approach to Researching Children in Junior School,” International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 9.3, 199–213. doi:10.1080/ 13645570600761346
Waskul, D., and M. Douglass. 1996. “Considering the Electronic Participant: Some Polemical Observations on the Ethics of On-line Research,” The Information Society 12, 129–39. Retrieved December 7, 2006. doi:10.1080/713856142
Weller, P. ed. 2001. Religions in the UK: Directory 2001–03. Derby: The Multi-Faith Centre at the University of Derby in association with the Inter Faith Network for the United Kingdom.
Wintersgill, B. 2008. “Teenagers’ Perceptions of Spirituality.” Unpublished PhD thesis; Coventry: University of Warwick.
Wolff, K. 1950. The Sociology of Georg Simmel. New York: Free Press.
Yee, W. C., and J. Andrews. 2006. “Professional Researcher or ‘A Good Guest’? Ethical Dilemmas Involved in Researching Children and Families in the Home Setting,” Educational Review, 58.4, 397–413. doi:10.1080/00131910600971859
Zemmel, N. E. 1999/2000. “Intermarriage, Variations On A Theme: Examining the Reality of Mixed and Conventional Contemporary Anglo-Jewry.” Unpublished PhD thesis; Birmingham: University of Birmingham, Department of Theology.
Allen, C. 1996. “What’s Wrong with the ‘Golden Rule?’ Conundrums of Conducting Ethical Research in Cyberspace,” The Information Society, 12.2, 175–87. doi:10.1080/713856146
Arweck, E. 2006. Researching New Religious Movements. London: Routledge.
Arweck, E., and E. Nesbitt. 2010. “Plurality at Close Quarters: Mixed-faith Families in the UK,” Journal of Religion in Europe, 3.1, 155–82. doi:10.1163/187489210X12597396698663
Arweck, E., and Stringer, M. D. 2001. Theorising Faith: The Insider/Outsider Problem in the Study of Ritual. Birmingham: The University of Birmingham Press.
Ata, A. 2000. Intermarriage between Christians and Muslims: A West Bank Study. Melbourne: David Lovell.
—2003. Christian-Muslim Intermarriage in Australia: Identity, Social Cohesion and Cultural Fragmentation. Melbourne: David Lovell.
Ballard, R. 1999. “Panth kismet dharm te qaum: Continuity and Change in Four Dimensions of Punjabi Religion,” in Pritam Singh and S. S. Thandi eds. Punjabi Identity in a Global Context. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 7–38.
Barker, E. 1980. “The Professional Stranger: Some Methodological Problems Encountered in a Study of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon’s Unification Church.” Open University Course Media Notes for AD207, An Introduction to Sociology. Milton Keynes: Open University, 5–15.
Barron, I. 2007. “An Exploration of Young Children’s Ethnic Identities as Communities of Practice,” British Journal of Sociology of Education, 28.6, 739–52. doi:10.1080/ 01425690701610001
BERA (British Educational Research Association). 2004. Revised Guidelines for Education Research. Macclesfield: BERA.
Berthoud, R. 2005. “Family Formation in Britain: Diversity and Change,” in G. Loury, T. Modood and S. Teles eds. Ethnicity, Social Mobility and Public Policy: Comparing the US and UK. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 222–53.
Berthoud, R. n.d. “Family Formation in Multi-cultural Britain: Three Patterns of Diversity.” Colchester: Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), University of Essex, UK.
Birtwistle, R. 2006. “Daylight and Darkness: Images of Christians in Mixed Marriages,” Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, 17.3, 331–42. doi:10.1080/09596410600795001
Bolognani, M. 2007. “Islam, Ethnography and Politics: Methodological Issues in Researching Amongst West Yorkshire Pakistanis in 2005,” International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 10.4, 279–93. doi:10.1080/13645570701546570
Booth, L. n.d. “Asians Prefer to Marry Own Race.” Retrieved August 10, 2007, from BBC Asian Network.
Bradford, B. 2006. Who are the “Mixed” Ethnic Group? London: Office for National Statistics.
BSA (British Sociological Association) n.d. retrieved last March 5, 2008, from (http://www.britsoc.co.uk/equality/Statement+Ethical+Practice.htm)
Caballero, C., R. Edwards, and D. Smith. 2008. Parenting “Mixed” Children: Negotiating Difference and Belonging in Mixed Race, Ethnicity and Faith Families. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Christensen, P. 2004. “Children’s Participation in Ethnographic Research: Issues of Power and Representation,” Children and Society, 18, 165–76. doi:10.1002/chi.823
Danet, B. B. (n.d.). “Studies of Cyberpl@y: Ethical and Methodological Aspects,” retrieved December 7, 2006, from http://atar.mscc.huji.ac.il/~msdanet/papers/ethics2.pdf
Datta, T. 2006, June 12. “Breaking the last taboo,” BBC Radio 4.
de Leeuw, E., and W. Nicholls, II. 1996. “Technological Innovations in Data Collection: Acceptance, Data Quality and Costs,” Sociological Research Online 1.4. Retrieved December 29, 2006, from http://www.socresonline.org.uk/socresonline/1/4/leeuw.html
Ess, C., and the AoIR Ethics Working Committee. 2002. “Ethical Decision-making and Internet Research: Recommendations from the AoIR Ethics Working Committee,” retrieved November 11, 2006, from http://www.aoir.org/reports/ethics/pdf
Geaves, R. 1998. “The Borders between Religions: A Challenge to the World Religions Approach to Religious Education,” British Journal of Religious Education, 21.1, 20–31.
Gent, W. 2006. “Muslim Supplementary Classes and their Place within the Wider Learning Community: A Redbridge-based Study.” Unpublished EdD thesis; Coventry: Institute of Education, University of Warwick.
Green, N., and M. Searle-Chatterjee. 2008. “Religion, Language, and Power: An Introductory Essay,” in N. Green and M. Searle-Chatterjee eds. Religion, Language, and Power. London: Routledge, 1–26.
Hall, A. 1996. Mixed Race Relationships in the UK: An Annotated Bibliography of Sources. Coventry: Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations. doi:10.1080/0141192960220305
Haw, K. 1996. “Exploring the Educational Experiences of Muslim Girls: Tales Told to Tourists – Should the White Researcher Stay at Home?” British Educational Research Journal, 22.3, 319–39.
—1998. Educating Muslim Girls: Shifting Discourses. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Holland, J. 2007. “Emotions and Research,” International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 10.3, 195–209. doi:10.1080/13645570701541894
Illingworth, N. 2001. “The Internet Matters: Exploring the Use of the Internet as a Research Tool,” Sociological Research Online, 6.2. Retrieved November 29, 2006, from http://www.socresonline.org.uk/6/2/illingworth.html
Ipgrave, J. 2001. Pupil-to-Pupil Dialogue in the Classroom as a Tool for Religious Education. Coventry: Institute of Education, University of Warwick.
Jackson, R., and E. Nesbitt. 1993. Hindu Children in Britain. Stoke on Trent: Trentham.
Jacobs, J. L. 2002. “Transitional Identities: Self, Other, and the Ethnographic Process,” in J. V. Spickard, J. S. Landres and M. B. McGuire eds. Personal Knowledge and Beyond: Reshaping the Ethnography of Religion. New York: New York University Press, 88–99.
Jacobson, J. 1997. “Religion and Ethnicity: Dual and Alternative Sources of Identity among Young British Pakistanis,” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 20.2, 238–56.
James, A., and A. Prout. 1990. Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood. London & Philadelphia: Falmer.
Jeffries, S. 2005, August 2. “In the Mix: Why Britain is Becoming Less Black and White,” The Guardian, G2, 2.
Jones, S. ed. 1999. Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net. London: Sage.
Kandil, F. 1996. “Ehen zwischen Muslimen und Christen in Deutschland: Religiöse, kulturelle und soziale Problemaspekte einer gemischt religiösen Heirat,” in L. Hagemann, A., Th. Khoury and W. Wanzura eds. Auf dem Weg zum Dialog. Würzburg-Altenberge, 126–62.
Katz, I. 1996. Construction of Racial Identity in Children of Mixed Parentage. London: Jessica Kingsley.
Knowles, C. 2006. “Handling your Baggage in the Field: Reflections on Research Relationships,” International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 9.5, 393–404. doi:10.1080/ 13645570601076819
Lunn, P. 2003, March 23. “Christianity: Culture, Ethnicity and the Spirit,” The Friend, 6–7.
Meho, L. I. 2006. “E-mail: Interviewing in Qualitative Research: A Methodological Discussion,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57.10, 1284–95. doi:10.1002/asi.20416
Morrow, V., and M. Richards. 1996. “The Ethics of Social Research with Children: An Overview,” Children and Society, 10.2, 90–100. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0860(199606) 10:2<90::AID-CHI14>3.0.CO;2-Z
Müller-Dincu, B. 1981. Gemischt-nationale Ehen zwischen deutschen Frauen und Ausländern in der Bundesrepublik. Wiesbaden.
Nesbitt, E. 1991. “ ‘My dad’s Hindu, my mum’s side are Sikhs’: Issues in Religious Identity.” Research and Curriculum Paper; Charlbury: National Foundation for Arts Education, on-line at www.arts.manchester.ac.uk/CASAS/pdfpapers/identity.pdf
—1993. “Photographing Worship: Issues Raised by Ethnographical Study of Children’s Participation in Acts of Worship,” Visual Anthropology, 5.3, 285–306. doi:10.1080/ 08949468.1993.9966594
—1998. “British, Asian and Hindu: Identity, Self-narration and the Ethnographic Interview,” Journal of Beliefs and Values, 19.2, 189–200. doi:10.1080/1361767980190203
—2000. “Representing Faith Traditions in Religious Education: An Ethnographic Perspective,” in L. J. Francis, J. Astley and M. Robbins eds. The Fourth R for the Third Millennium: Education in Religious Values for the Global Future. Dublin: Veritas Publications, 137–58.
—2003. Interfaith Pilgrims: Living Truths and Truthful Living. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
—2004a. Intercultural Education: Ethnographic and Religious Approaches. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
—2004b. “ ‘I’m a Gujarati Lohana and a Vaishnav as well’: Religious identity Formation among Young Coventrian Punjabis and Gujaratis,” in S. Coleman and P. Collins eds. Religion, Identity and Change: Perspectives on Global Transformations. London: Ashgate, 174–90.
—2005. Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nesbitt, E., and E. Arweck. 2006. “Retrospect and Prospect: Sampradayas and Warwick Fieldwork in Religions and Education,” Fieldwork in Religion, 2.1, 49–63.
Ortiz, S. 2004. “Leaving the Private World of Wives and Professional Athletes: A Male Sociologist’s Reflections,” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 33.4, 466–97. doi:10.1177/ 0891241604265980
Phaswana, N. S. 2000. “Marital Problems in Religiously Mixed Marriages amongst the Vhavenda People of South Africa: An African-Christian Perspective.” D.Litt. et Phil.; University of South Africa.
Pollack, N. 2007, February 3. “Like Father, Like Son?”The Guardian, Family, 6–7.
Romain, J. 1996. Till Faith Us Do Part. London: Fount.
Sade-Beck, L. 2004. “Internet Ethnography Online and Offline,” Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3.2, 1–14. Retrieved August 17, 2008, from http://www.ualberta.ca~iiqm/ backissues/3_2/pdf/sadebeck.pdf
Scottish Executive Statistics. 2005. “Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census.” Retrieved November 24, 2006, from http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/ 20757/53570
Selwyn, N., and K. Robson. 1998. “Using Email As A Research Tool,” Social Research Update, Summer. Retrieved February 1, 2007, from http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/sru/ SRU21.html
Shah, S. (2004). “The Researcher/Interviewer in Intercultural Context: A Social Intruder!” British Educational Research Journal, 30.4, 549–75. doi:10.1080/0141192042000237239
Smith, L. 2007, September 26. “Silent Minority: The Ethnic Map of the UK is Changing,” The Guardian, 5.
Spickard, P. R. 1989. Mixed Blood: Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press.
Swain, J. 2006. “An Ethnographic Approach to Researching Children in Junior School,” International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 9.3, 199–213. doi:10.1080/ 13645570600761346
Waskul, D., and M. Douglass. 1996. “Considering the Electronic Participant: Some Polemical Observations on the Ethics of On-line Research,” The Information Society 12, 129–39. Retrieved December 7, 2006. doi:10.1080/713856142
Weller, P. ed. 2001. Religions in the UK: Directory 2001–03. Derby: The Multi-Faith Centre at the University of Derby in association with the Inter Faith Network for the United Kingdom.
Wintersgill, B. 2008. “Teenagers’ Perceptions of Spirituality.” Unpublished PhD thesis; Coventry: University of Warwick.
Wolff, K. 1950. The Sociology of Georg Simmel. New York: Free Press.
Yee, W. C., and J. Andrews. 2006. “Professional Researcher or ‘A Good Guest’? Ethical Dilemmas Involved in Researching Children and Families in the Home Setting,” Educational Review, 58.4, 397–413. doi:10.1080/00131910600971859
Zemmel, N. E. 1999/2000. “Intermarriage, Variations On A Theme: Examining the Reality of Mixed and Conventional Contemporary Anglo-Jewry.” Unpublished PhD thesis; Birmingham: University of Birmingham, Department of Theology.
Published
2010-11-05
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Arweck, E., & Nesbitt, E. (2010). Issues Arising from an Ethnographic Investigation of the Religious Identity Formation of Young People in Mixed-faith Families. Fieldwork in Religion, 5(1), 8-31. https://doi.org/10.1558/firn.v5i1.8
