Educational Choices in Senegal
A Case Study among Fulbe in a Tijani Sufi Village
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/fiel.v9i1.8Keywords:
Daara, Senegal, shaykh, Sufi-village, education, francophone school, Franco-Arabic, “Education-for-All”Abstract
The case study is rooted in an old interest in the Qur’anic education. It examines the values attached to education in a village where a state school challenges the established educational culture of the Sufi shaykh and of the parents. West African Senegal has a history of educational conflicts, partly as a result of being a mosaic of ethnic groups, Christian and Muslim religions and cultures, French colonization and Western cultural input. Relating all this to the narratives, information and observations presented to the author in the village, the article looks into the position of the classical Islamic Education in the village and reflects on the position of Islamic education in Senegalese educational politics.
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References
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Villalón, Leonardo A. 2000. “The Moustarchidine of Senegal: The Family Politics of a Contemporary Tijan Movement,” in Jean-Louis Triaud and David Robinson, eds, La tijâniyya: Une confrérie musulmane à la conquête de l’Afrique. Paris: Karthala, 469–95.
—2007. “Senegal: Shades of Islamism on a Sufi Landscape,” in William F.F. Miles, ed., Political Islam in West Africa: State-Society Relations Transformed. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 161–82.
Villalón, Leonardo A., and Mamadou Bodian. 2012. Religion, demande sociale, et réformes éducatives au Sénégal: Quand l’Etat introduit l’éducation arabo-islamique dans l’enseignement publique pour concurrencer l’école francoarabe privée et capturer les daara. APPP Research Report 5. http://www.institutions-africa.org/publications/country/senegal, accessed 19.12.2012.
Bouche, Denise. 1991. Histoire de la colonisation Française, Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard.
Brenner, Louis. 2000. Controlling Knowledge: Religion, Power and Schooling in a West African Muslim Society. London: Hurst.
Coulon, Christian. 1981. Le marabout et le prince. Paris: Pedone.
Cruise O’Brien, Donal B. 2002. “Le sens de l’État du Sénégal,” in Momar-Coumba Diop, ed., Le Sénégal contemporain. Paris: Karthala, 501–506.
—2003. Symbolic Confrontations, Muslims Imagining the State in Africa. London: Hurst.
Cruise O’Brien, Donal B., and Christian Coulon. 1988. Charisma and Brotherhood in African Islam. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Dia, Oumar, and Renée Colin-Noguès. 1982. Yâkâré: L’autobiographie d’Oumar. Actes en mémoire du peuple; Paris: François Masporo.
Dumont, Fernand. 1975. La pensée religieuse d’Amadou Bamba: Fondateur du Mouridisme Sénégalais. Dakar-Abidjan: Les Nouvelles Éditions Africaines.
Fanchette, Sylvie. 2011. Au pays des Peuls de Haute-Casamance: L’intégration territoriale en question. Paris: Édition Karthala.
Grod?, Stanislaw, and Gina Gertrud Smith, eds. 2014. Religion, Ethnicity and Transnational Migration between West Africa and Europe. Leiden and Boston: Brill,
Kuru, Ahmet T. 2007. “Passive and Assertive Secularism: Historical Conditions, Ideological Struggles, and State Policies toward Religion,” World Politics, 59 (July 2007), 568–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2008.0005
Launay, Robert, and Rudolph T. Ware III. 2009. “Comment (ne pas) lire le Coran? Logiques de l’enseignement religieux au Sénégal et en Côte d’Ivoire,” in Gilles Holder, ed., L’islam, nouvel espace public en Afrique. Paris: Karthala, 127–45.
Loimeier, Roman. 2001. Säkularer Staat und islamische Gesellschaft: Die Beziehungen zwischen Staat, Sufi-Bruderschaften und islamischer Reformbewegung in Senegal im 20. Jahrhundert. Beiträge zur Afrikaforschung, 15; Universität Bayreuth, Hamburg: LIT.
—2002. “Je veux étudier sans mendier: The Campaign against the Quranic Schools in Senegal,” in Holger Weiss, ed., Social Welfare in Muslim Societies. Stockholm: Nordic African Institute, 116–35.
Meunier, Olivier. 1997. Dynamique de l’enseignement islamique au Niger. Paris: L’Harmattan.
Ngaïde, Abderrahmane. 2002. “Les marabouts face à la ‘modernité’,” in Momar-Coumba Diop, ed., Le Sénégal contemporain. Paris: Karthala.
—2012. L’esclave, le colon et le marabout: Le royaume peul du Fuladu de 1867 à 1936. Paris: L’Harmattan.
Niang, Cheikh Ibrahima. 2003. Analyse socioculturelle de la demande de l’éducation: Quelle école primaire desirent les populations du Senegal? Dakar: Université Cheikh Anta Diop. Faculté des sciences économiques et de géstion. http://cres-ucad.org/file/policy002. pdf, accessed 29.9.2010.
Nwiya, Paul. 1970. Exégèse coranique et langage mystique: Nouvel essai sur le lexique technique des mystiques musulmans. Beirut: Dar el-Machreq.
RGPH3. 2006. Rapport national de présentation des résultats définitifs. Dakar, ANSD http://www.ansd.sn/publications/rapports_enquetes_etudes/enquetes/RGPH3_RAP_NAT.pdf, accessed 2.3.2013.
Robinson, David. 2000. Paths of Accomodation: Muslim Societies and French Colonial Authorities in Senegal and Mauretania 1880–1920. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.
Sall, Ibrahima Abou. 2007. Mauritanie du sud: Conquêtes et administration coloniales françaises, 1890-1945. Paris: Karthala.
Smith, Etienne. 2014. “Religious Pluralism and Secularism between Senegal and France: A View from Senegalese Families in France,” in Grod? and Smith, 63–97.
Smith, Gina Gertrud. 2008. Copenhagen Medina Gounass: Challenges to Village Sufism in Senegal. Copenhagen: Books on Demand GmbH.
—2014. “Self-Identification and Othering among the Senegalese Fulfulde Speaking People and Others,” in Grod? and Smith, 37–62.
Soares, Benjamin F. 2005. Islam and the Prayer Economy: History and Authority in a Malian Town. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/ 9780748622856.001.0001
Triaud, Jean-Louis, and David Robinson, eds. 2000. La tijâniyya: Une confrérie musulmane à la conquête de l’Afrique. Paris: Karthala.
Wane, Yaya. 1974. “Ceerno Muhamadu Sayid Baa ou Le soufisme integral de Madiina Gunaas,” in Cahiers d’études africaines, 56, Vol. XIV.4. Paris: Sorbonne, 671–98.
Ware, Rudolph Treanor, III. 2004. Knowledge, Faith, and Power: A History of Qur’an Schooling in 20th Century Senegal. PhD Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. http://proquest. umi.com/pqdlink?did=828404401&Fmt=7&clientid=16141&RQT=309&VName=PQD, accessed 9.9.2008.
—2009. “The Longue Durée of Quran Schooling, Society, and State in Senegambia,” in Mamadou Diouf and Mara Leichtman, eds, New Perspectives on Islam in Senegal: Conversion, Migration, Wealth, Power, and Feminity. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 21–50.
Villalón, Leonardo A. 2000. “The Moustarchidine of Senegal: The Family Politics of a Contemporary Tijan Movement,” in Jean-Louis Triaud and David Robinson, eds, La tijâniyya: Une confrérie musulmane à la conquête de l’Afrique. Paris: Karthala, 469–95.
—2007. “Senegal: Shades of Islamism on a Sufi Landscape,” in William F.F. Miles, ed., Political Islam in West Africa: State-Society Relations Transformed. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 161–82.
Villalón, Leonardo A., and Mamadou Bodian. 2012. Religion, demande sociale, et réformes éducatives au Sénégal: Quand l’Etat introduit l’éducation arabo-islamique dans l’enseignement publique pour concurrencer l’école francoarabe privée et capturer les daara. APPP Research Report 5. http://www.institutions-africa.org/publications/country/senegal, accessed 19.12.2012.
Published
2015-03-20
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Smith, G. (2015). Educational Choices in Senegal: A Case Study among Fulbe in a Tijani Sufi Village. Fieldwork in Religion, 9(1), 8-29. https://doi.org/10.1558/fiel.v9i1.8
