Repetition with slight variation primarily through final particles in Korean-English bilingual children’s interaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.36195Keywords:
Korean, conversation analysis, repetition, final particleAbstract
Employing Conversation Analysis, this study examines self-repetition with slight variation, primarily made through final particles, in the playtime interaction of Korean-English bilingual children with each other and their caregiver(s). Final particles in the Korean language provide speakers with grammatical resources with which they can effectively modify their actions as well as stances while they repeat their own prior utterances only with a change in (a) final particle(s). The analysis shows how resayings are prompted by interactional contingencies, such as some perceived issue with the first saying or the ways in which participants deal with the first saying, e.g., lack of response. The article illustrates how speakers achieve footing shifts across turns, greater precision in the actions they seek to perform via the practice of slightly variant repetition. Implications of the complex phenomenon of repetition as a site of language learning and use in children’s talk are also discussed.
References
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McClain, Y. M. (1981). Handbook of modern Japanese grammar. Tokyo: The Hokuseido Press.
Norrick, N. (1987). Functions of repetition in conversation. Text, 7(3), 245–264. https://doi.org/10.1515/text.1.1987.7.3.245
Ochs, E., Schegloff, E. A., & Thompson, S. A. (Eds.). (1996). Interaction and grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620874
O’Grady, W., Lee, O-S., & Lee, J-H. (2011). Practical and theoretical issues in the study of heritage language acquisition. Heritage Language Journal, 8(3), 23–40.
Pallotti, G. (2001). External appropriations as a strategy for participating in intercultural multi-party interactions. In A. Di Luzio, S. Guenthner, and F. Orletti (Eds.), Culture in communication: Analyses of intercultutal situations (pp. 295–334). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.81.16pal
Pallotti, G. (2002). Borrowing words: Appropriations in child second-language discourse. In J. Leather & J. van Dam (Eds.), Ecology of language acquisition (pp. 183–202). Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0341-3_10
Park, Y.-Y. (1999). The Korean connective nuntey in conversational discourse. Journal of Pragmatics, 31(2), 191–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(98)00060-5
Robinson, J. D., & Kevoe-Feldman, H. (2010). Using full repeats to initiate repair on others’ questions. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 43(3), 232–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2010.497990
Schegloff, E. (1996). Confirming allusions: Toward an empirical account of action. American Journal of Sociology, 102(1), 161–216. https://doi.org/10.1086/230911
Schegloff, E. (1997). Practices and actions: Boundary cases of other-initiated repair. Discourse Processes, 23(3), 499–545. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638539709545001
Schegloff. E. (2007). Sequence organization in interaction: A primer in conversation analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791208
Schwab, J. F., & Lew-Williams, C. (2016). Repetition across successive sentences facilitates young children’s word learning. Developmental Psychology, 52(6), 879–886. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000125
Selting, M. et al. (2009) Gesprächsanalytisches Transkriptionssystem 2 (GAT 2). Gesprächsforschung – Online-Zeitschrift zur verbalen Interaktion (www.gespraechsforschung-ozs.de).
Shibatani, M. (1990). The language of Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Snow, C. (1983/2014). Saying it again: The role of expanded and deferred imitations in language acquisition. In K. E. Nelson (Ed.), Children’s language (Vol. 4, pp. 29–58). New York: Psychology Press.
Sohn, H. (2001). The Korean language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stivers, T. (2010). Modified repeats: One method for asserting primary rights from second position. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 38(2), 131–158. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3802_1
Tanaka, H. (1999). Turn-taking in Japanese conversation: A study in grammar and interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Tanaka, H. (2000). Turn projection in Japanese talk-in-interaction. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 33(1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327973RLSI3301_1
Wong, J. (2000). Repetition in conversation: A look at ‘first and second sayings’. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 33(4), 407–424. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327973RLSI3304_03
Bruner, J. (1983). Child’s talk: Learning to use language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Curl, T. S., Local, J., & Walker, G. (2006). Repetition and the prosody–pragmatics interface. Journal of Pragmatics, 38(10), 1721–1751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.02.008
Du Bois, J. W. (2014). Towards a dialogic syntax. Cognitive Linguistics, 25(3), 359–410. https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2014-0024
Forrester, M. (2008). The emergence of self-repair: A case study of one child during the early preschool years. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 41(1), 99–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351810701691206
Garvey, C. (1977). Play with language and speech. In S. Ervin-Tripp & C. Mitchell-Kernan (Eds.), Child discourse (pp.27–47). New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-241950-8.50008-3
Goffman, E. (1981). Forms of talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Halliday, M. A. K., & Hasan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
Hancil, S., Haselow, A., & Post, M (2015). Final particles. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110375572
Huang, C. (2011). Parental other-repetition in Mandarin parent–child interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(12), 3028–3048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.05.014
Johnstone, B. (1994). Repetition in discourse: Interdisciplinary perspectives. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp.
Keenan, E. (1977). Making it last: Repetition in children’s discourse. In S. Ervin-Tripp & C. Mitchell-Kernan (Eds.), Child discourse (pp. 125–138). New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-241950-8.50013-7
Kim, H. (2003). Turn extensions as turn-constructional practice: Word order variability in Korean conversation. Paper presented at the 13th Japanese/Korean Linguistics Conference. Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.
Kim, K.-H (2001). Confirming intersubjectivity through retroactive elaboration. In M. Selting & E. Couper-Kuhlen (Eds.), Studies in interactional linguistics (pp. 345–372). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/sidag.10.16kim
Kim, K.-H. (2004). A conversation analysis of Korean sentence-ending modal suffixes-ney, -kwun(a), and -ta: Noticing as a social action. Sociolinguistics, 12 (1), 1–35.
Kim, K.-H. (2007). Sequential organization of post-predicate elements in Korean conversation: Pursuing uptake and modulating action. Pragmatics, 17(4). 573–603. https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.17.4.05kim
Kim, K.-H. (2018). Enhancing solidarity through dispreferred format: The nuntey-clause in Korean conversation as a normative basis for leveraging action. East-Asian Pragmatics, 3(1), 27–57.
Kim, Y.-H. (2009). The Korean discourse markers -nuntey and kuntey in native–non-native conversation: An acquisitional perspective. In H. Nguyen & G. Kasper (Eds.), Talk-in-interaction: Multilingual perspectives (pp. 317–350). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii, National Foreign Language Resource Center.
Köymen, S. B., & Kyratzis, A. (2009). Format tying and acquisition of syntax in toddlers’ peer interactions. In I. Kwon, H. Pritchett, & J. Spence (Eds.), Proceedings of the 35th annual meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (pp. 202–210). Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Linguistics Society. https://doi.org/10.3765/bls.v35i1.3611
Lee, H. S. (1993). Cognitive constraints on expressing newly perceived information, with reference to epistemic modal suffixes in Korean. Cognitive Linguistics, 4(2), 135–167. https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.1993.4.2.135
Lee, H. S. (1991). Tense, aspect, and modality: A discourse-pragmatic analysis of verbal affixes in Korean from a typological perspective (PhD dissertation). University of California at Los Angeles.
Lee, H. S. (1999). A discourse-pragmatic analysis of the committal -ci in Korean: A synthetic approach to the form–meaning relation. Journal of Pragmatics 31(2), 243–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(98)00066-6
Li, C. N., & Thompson, S. A. (1989). Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Luke, K. K. (1990). Utterance particles in Cantonese conversation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.9
Martin, L. (1995). Review of B. Johnstone (Ed.), (1994). Repetition in discourse: Interdisciplinary perspectives. Language in Society, 24(4), 572–576. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500019059
McClain, Y. M. (1981). Handbook of modern Japanese grammar. Tokyo: The Hokuseido Press.
Norrick, N. (1987). Functions of repetition in conversation. Text, 7(3), 245–264. https://doi.org/10.1515/text.1.1987.7.3.245
Ochs, E., Schegloff, E. A., & Thompson, S. A. (Eds.). (1996). Interaction and grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620874
O’Grady, W., Lee, O-S., & Lee, J-H. (2011). Practical and theoretical issues in the study of heritage language acquisition. Heritage Language Journal, 8(3), 23–40.
Pallotti, G. (2001). External appropriations as a strategy for participating in intercultural multi-party interactions. In A. Di Luzio, S. Guenthner, and F. Orletti (Eds.), Culture in communication: Analyses of intercultutal situations (pp. 295–334). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.81.16pal
Pallotti, G. (2002). Borrowing words: Appropriations in child second-language discourse. In J. Leather & J. van Dam (Eds.), Ecology of language acquisition (pp. 183–202). Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0341-3_10
Park, Y.-Y. (1999). The Korean connective nuntey in conversational discourse. Journal of Pragmatics, 31(2), 191–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(98)00060-5
Robinson, J. D., & Kevoe-Feldman, H. (2010). Using full repeats to initiate repair on others’ questions. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 43(3), 232–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2010.497990
Schegloff, E. (1996). Confirming allusions: Toward an empirical account of action. American Journal of Sociology, 102(1), 161–216. https://doi.org/10.1086/230911
Schegloff, E. (1997). Practices and actions: Boundary cases of other-initiated repair. Discourse Processes, 23(3), 499–545. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638539709545001
Schegloff. E. (2007). Sequence organization in interaction: A primer in conversation analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791208
Schwab, J. F., & Lew-Williams, C. (2016). Repetition across successive sentences facilitates young children’s word learning. Developmental Psychology, 52(6), 879–886. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000125
Selting, M. et al. (2009) Gesprächsanalytisches Transkriptionssystem 2 (GAT 2). Gesprächsforschung – Online-Zeitschrift zur verbalen Interaktion (www.gespraechsforschung-ozs.de).
Shibatani, M. (1990). The language of Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Snow, C. (1983/2014). Saying it again: The role of expanded and deferred imitations in language acquisition. In K. E. Nelson (Ed.), Children’s language (Vol. 4, pp. 29–58). New York: Psychology Press.
Sohn, H. (2001). The Korean language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stivers, T. (2010). Modified repeats: One method for asserting primary rights from second position. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 38(2), 131–158. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3802_1
Tanaka, H. (1999). Turn-taking in Japanese conversation: A study in grammar and interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Tanaka, H. (2000). Turn projection in Japanese talk-in-interaction. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 33(1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327973RLSI3301_1
Wong, J. (2000). Repetition in conversation: A look at ‘first and second sayings’. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 33(4), 407–424. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327973RLSI3304_03
Published
2018-04-17
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Section
Articles
How to Cite
Kim, Y. (2018). Repetition with slight variation primarily through final particles in Korean-English bilingual children’s interaction. East Asian Pragmatics, 3(1), 59-90. https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.36195
