Teasing as a practice of managing delicate issues in institutional talk

A case study of request in Mandarin Chinese

Authors

  • Chuntao Li Shanxi University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.39613

Keywords:

teasing, deviance, identity construction, affiliation

Abstract

This article takes the practice of teasing in institutional talk as its focus and examines a Mandarin Chinese case of request from a conversation analytic perspective. It turns out that teasing can effectively perform the tasks of social control and tension management in institutional interactions. With detailed analyses of the mechanisms that can be employed to resolve delicate issues in institutional contexts, it is proposed that teasing as a social action can enable conversational participants to express and tackle the underlying conflicts or problems in institutional encounters. The present research also probes into the tacit manoeuvring of the teaser and the tease recipient’s identities or category memberships achieved or built up by minor transgressions, deviant claims, deontic assertions, and (dis)affiliation displays. This study contributes to the understanding of dynamic identity construction in social encounters and overall tension management in institutional contexts as well.

Author Biography

  • Chuntao Li, Shanxi University

    Chuntao Li is a lecturer at Shanxi University and is currently a doctoral student studying conversation analysis at Shanxi University. Research interests include social actions, interactional practices, and institutional talk in Mandarin Chinese.

References

Antaki, C., & Kent, A. (2012). Telling people what to do (and, sometimes, why): Contingency, entitlement and explanation in staff requests to adults with intellectual impairments. Journal of Pragmatics, 44(6–7), 876–889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.03.014

Boxer, D., & Cortés-Conde, F. B. (1997). From bonding to biting: Conversational joking and identity display. Journal of Pragmatics, 27(3), 275–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(96)00031-8

Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1978). Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena. In E. Goody (Ed.), Questions and politeness (pp. 56–289). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals of language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Brown, R., & Keegan, D. (1999). Humor in the hotel kitchen. Humor, 12(1), 47–70. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.1999.12.1.47

Chao, Yuenren (2011). Hanyu kouyu yufa (A grammar of spoken Chinese). Beijing: Shangwu Yinshuguan.

Clift, R. (2016). Conversation analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Craven, A., & Potter, J. (2010) Directives: Entitlement and contingency in action. Discourse Studies, 12(4), 419–442. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445610370126

Drew, P. (1987). Po-faced receipts of teases. Linguistics, 25(1), 219–253. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.1987.25.1.219

Drew, P. (1997). ‘Open’ class repair initiators in response to sequential sources of troubles in conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 28(1), 69–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(97)89759-7

Drew, P. (2013). Turn design. In J. Sidnell & T. Stivers (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis (pp. 131–149). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325001.ch7

Drew, P. (2018). Epistemics in social interaction. Discourse Studies, 20(1), 163–187. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445617734347

Drew, P., & Walker, T. (2009). Going too far: Complaining, escalating and disaffiliation. Journal of Pragmatics, 41(12), 2400–2414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.09.046

Eder, D. (1991). The role of teasing in adolescent peer group culture. In P. Adler, P. A. Adler, S. Cahill, & N. Mandell (Eds.), Sociological studies of child development: Perspectives on and of children (vol. 4, pp. 181–197). Greenwich, CT: JAI.

Eisenberg, A. R. (1986). Teasing: Verbal play in two Mexicano homes. In B. Schieffelin & E. Ochs (Eds.), Language socialization across cultures (pp. 182–198). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511620898.009

Fitzgerald, R., & Housley, W. (Eds.) (2015). Advances in membership categorisation analysis. London: SAGE.

Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Boston, MA: Northeastern University.

Gumperz, J. (1982). Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Haugh, M. (2010). Jocular mockery, (dis)affiliation and face. Journal of Pragmatics, 42(8), 2106–2119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.018

Haugh, M. (2014). Jocular mockery as interactional practice in everyday Anglo-Australian conversation. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 34(1), 76–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2014.875456

Haugh, M. (2015). Im/politeness implicatures. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Haugh, M. (2017). Teasing. In A. Salvatore (Ed.), Handbook of language and humour (pp. 204–218). London: Routledge.

Haugh, M., & Bousfield, D. (2012). Mock impoliteness, jocular mockery and jocular abuse in Australian and British English. Journal of Pragmatics, 44(9), 1099-1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.02.003

Haugh, M., & Pillet-Shore, D. (2018). Getting to know you: Teasing as an invitation to intimacy in initial interactions. Discourse Studies, 20(2), 246–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445617734936

Haugh, M., & Weinglass, L. (2018). Divided by a common language? Jocular quips and (non-)affiliative responses in initial interactions among American and Australian speakers of English. Intercultural Pragmatics, 15(4), 533–562. https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2018-0019

Hay, J. (1994). Jocular abuse patterns in mixed-group interaction. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics, 6, 26–55.

Heinemann, T. (2006). “Will you or can’t you?”: Displaying entitlement in interrogative requests. Journal of Pragmatics, 38(7), 1081–1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.09.013

Hepburn, A., & Potter, J. (2011). Threats: Power, family mealtimes, and social influence. British Journal of Social Psychology, 50(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466610X500791

Heritage, J. (2013). Epistemics in conversation. In J. Sidnell & T. Stivers (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis (pp. 370–394). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325001.ch18

Heritage, J., & Clayman, S. (2010). Talk in action: Interactions, identities, and institutions. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

Jefferson, G. (2004). Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction. In G. Lerner (Ed.), Conversation analysis: Studies from the first generation (pp. 13–31). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.125.02jef

Kowalski, R. M. (2000). “I was only kidding!”: Victims’ and perpetrators’ perceptions of teasing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(2), 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200264009

Kruger, J., Gordon, C. L., & Kuban, J. (2006). Intentions in teasing: When “just kidding” just isn’t good enough. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(3), 412–425. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.3.412

Levinson, S. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Levinson, S. (2012). Action formation and ascription. In J. Sidnell & T. Stivers (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis (pp. 210–228). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325001.ch6

Li, C. N., & Thompson, S. A. (1981). Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Lindström, A., & Sorjonen, M. L. (2012). Affiliation in conversation. In J. Sidnell & T. Stivers (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis (pp. 363–382). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325001.ch17

Lytra, V. (2007). Teasing in contact encounters: Frames, participant positions and responses. Multilingua, 26(4), 381–408. https://doi.org/10.1515/MULTI.2007.018

Lytra, V. (2009). Constructing academic hierarchies: Teasing and identity work among peers at school. Pragmatics 19(3), 449–66. https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.19.3.09lyt

Meyer, J. C. (2000). Humor as a double-edged sword: Four functions of humor in communication. Communication Theory, 10(3), 310–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2000.tb00194.x

Miller, P. (1986). Teasing as language socialization and verbal play in a white working-class community. In B. Schieffelin, & E. Ochs (Eds.), Language socialization across cultures (pp. 199–212). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511620898.010

Mitchell, N. (2015). Goading as a social action: Non-impolite evaluations in targeted banter. In M. Terkourafi (Ed.), Interdisciplinary perspectives on im/politeness (pp. 121–148). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/aals.14.07mit

Moody, S. J. (2019). Contextualizing macro-level identities and constructing inclusiveness through teasing and self-mockery: A view from the intercultural workplace in Japan. Journal of Pragmatics, 152, 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.05.023

Mortensen, M., & Baarts, C. (2018), Killing ourselves with laughter … Mapping the interplay of organizational teasing and workplace bullying in hospital work life. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management, 13(1), 10-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/QROM-10-2016-1429

Pomerantz, A. (1986). Extreme case formulations: A way of legitimizing claims. Human Studies, 9, 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00148128

Raymond, J., & Heritage, J. (2006). The epistemics of social relations: Owning grandchildren. Language in Society, 35(5), 677–705. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404506060325

Réger, Z. (1999). Teasing in the linguistic socialization of Gypsy children in Hungary. Acta Linguistica Hungarica, 46(3–4), 289–315. https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009610125119

Sacks, H. (1992). Lectures on conversation. Oxford: Blackwell.

Schegloff, E. A. (1968). Sequencing in conversational openings. American Anthropologist, 70, 1075–95. (Reprinted in J. J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication (pp. 346–380). New York: Rinehart & Winston.)

Schegloff, E. A. (1986). The routine as achievement. Human Studies, 9, 111–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00148124

Schegloff, E. A. (2007a). A tutorial on membership categorization. Journal of Pragmatics, 39(3), 462–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.07.007

Schegloff, E. A. (2007b). Sequence organization in interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Schegloff, E. A., & Sacks, H. (1973). Opening up closings. Semiotica, 8(4), 289–327. https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1973.8.4.289

Schnurr, S. (2009). Constructing leader identities through teasing at work. Journal of Pragmatics, 41(6), 1125–1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.10.002

Schnurr, S., & Plester, B. (2017). Functionalist discourse analysis of humor. In A. Salvatore (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of language and humor (pp. 309–321). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315731162-22

Stevanovic, M. (2011). Participants’ deontic rights and action formation: The case of declarative. Interaction and Linguistic Structures (InLiSt), 52, 1–37. http://www.inlist.uni-bayreuth.de/issues/52/Inlist52.pdf

Stevanovic, M., & Peräkylä, A. (2012). Deontic authority in interaction: The right to announce, propose, and decide. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 45(3), 297–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2012.699260

Stevanovic, M., & Peräkylä, A. (2014). Three orders in the organization of human action: On the interface between knowledge, power, and emotion in interaction and social relations. Language in Society, 43(2), 185–207. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404514000037

Stevanovic, M., & Svennevig, J. (2015). Epistemics and deontics in conversational directives. Journal of Pragmatics, 78, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.01.008

Taleghani-Nikazm, C. (2006). Request sequences: The intersection of grammar, interaction and social context. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Tholander, M., & Aronsson, K. (2002). Teasing as serious business: Collaborative staging and response work. Text & Talk, 22(4), 559–595. https://doi.org/10.1515/text.2002.022

Wright, C. N., & Roloff, M. E. (2013). The influence of type of teasing and outcome on the negative experience of teasers. Human Communication, 16(2), 95–107.

Yu, Guodong., & Drew, P. (2017). The role of búshì in talk about everyday troubles and difficulties. East Asian Pragmatics 2(2), 195–227. https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.34673

Yu, Guodong., Wu, Yaxin, & Drew, P. (2019). Couples bickering: Disaffiliation and discord in Chinese conversation. Discourse Studies, 21(4), 458–480. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445619842739

Zhang Bin (2001). Xiandai hanyu xuci cidian (A dictionary of modern Chinese function words). Beijing: Shangwu Yinshuguan.

Published

2020-11-16

How to Cite

Li, C. (2020). Teasing as a practice of managing delicate issues in institutional talk: A case study of request in Mandarin Chinese. East Asian Pragmatics, 5(3), 323-344. https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.39613