The Dharanis of Mahavyutpatti #748
Origin and Formation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/bsrv.v24i2.151Keywords:
dharani, Mahayana sutra, MahavyutpattiAbstract
This paper aims to identify the sources of a list of twelve dharanis included in Rubric 748 of the Mahavyutpatti. It produces evidence connecting this group with three similar dharani enumerations transmittted in the Ratnamegha, Tathagatagunajñanacintyavisayavataranirdesa and Tathagatamahakarunanirdesa. The exposition of the Tathagatamahakarunanirdesa is particularly valuable since it preserves one of the earliest and most detailed discussions of dharani practice in Mahayana sutras. The Ratnamegha is closest to the Mahavyutpatti and thus the most likely source for its list.
References
Alper, Harvey. 1991. Understanding Mantras. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Barber, A. W., ed. 1991. The Tibetan Tripitaka. sDe dge (Derge) bKa’ ’gyur. Taipei: SMC Publishing Inc.
Bendall, Cecil, ed. 1897–1902. Siksasamuccaya. Bibliotheca Buddhica 1. St Petersburg: Bibliotheca Buddhica.
Bernhard, Franz. 1967. ‘Zur Entstehung einer Dharani’. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 117: 148–68.
Braarvig, Jens. 1985. ‘Dharani and Pratibhana: Memory and Eloquence of the Bodhisattvas’. Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 8(1): 17–29.
Braarvig, J., ed. & trans. 1993. The Aksayamatinirdesasutra, 2 vols. Oslo: Solum Forlag.
Braarvig, Jens. 1997. ‘Bhavya on Mantras: Apologetic Endeavours on Behalf of the Mahayana’. In Aspects of Buddhism: Proceedings of the International Seminar on Buddhist Studies (Liw, 25 June 1994), eds Agata Bareja-Starzynska & Marek Mejor, 31–9. Warsaw: Oriental Institute, Warsaw University.
Copp, Paul. Forthcoming. ‘How did the Medieval Chinese Understand Dharani?’. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies.
Cousins, L. S. 1997. ‘Aspects of Esoteric Southern Buddhism’. In Indian Insights: Buddhism, Brahmanism and Bhakti, eds Peter Connolly & Sue Hamilton, 185–207. London: Luzac Oriental.
Dotson, Brandon. Forthcoming. ‘Emperor Mu-rug-btsan and the ’Phang thang ma Catalogue’. Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies.
Dutt, Nalinaksa, ed. 1934. The Pañcavimsatisahasrika Prajñaparamita. London: Luzac & Company.
Edgerton, Franklin. 1953. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Eimer, Helmut. 1985. ‘Chapter CCLXX of the Mahavyutpatti in Comparison with the Pravrajyavastu’. Berliner Indologische Studien 1: 41–6.
Freeman, Charlotte. 1991. ‘Samvrtti, Vyavahara and Paramartha in the Aksayamatinirdesa and its Commentary by Vasubandhu’. In The Buddhist Forum 2, ed. T Skorupski, 97–114. London: School of Oriental and African Studies.
Frauwallner, Erich. 1957. ‘Zu den buddhistischen Texten in der Zeit Khri-sron-lde-brtsan’. Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Süd- und Ostasiens 1: 95–103.
Ghosa, Pratapacandra, ed. 1902–14. Satasahasrika-Prajña-Paramita: Theological and Philosophical Discourse of the Buddha with his Disciples. 18 fasc. Calcutta: Asiatic Society.
Gonda, Jan. 1975. ‘The Meaning of the Word Alamkara’. In his Selected Studies 2. Leiden: Brill. Originally published in A Volume of Eastern and Indian Studies in Honour of FW Thomas, eds S. M. Katre & P. K. Gode, 97–114 (Bombay: NIA Extra Series, 1939).
Gyatso, Janet. 1992. ‘Letter Magic: A Peircean Perspective on the Semiotics of Rdo Grub-chen’s Dharani Method’. In In the Mirror of Memory, ed. J. Gyatso, 173–213. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Harada, Sastori. 1979. ‘Mahavyutpatti no seritsu jijo’ (On the compilation of the Mahavyutpatti). Nihon Chibetto Gakkai Kaiho (Journal of the Japanese Society for Tibetan Studies) 25: 10–13.
Harrison, Paul., ed. 1978. The Tibetan Text of the Pratyutpanna-buddha-sammukhavasthita-samadhi-sutra. Tokyo: Reiyukai Library.
Harrison, Paul. 1990. The Samadhi of Direct Encounter with the Buddhas of the Present: An Annotated English Translation of the Tibetan Version of the Pratyutpanna-Buddha-Sammukhavasthita-Samadhi-Sutra. Studia Philologica Buddhica 5. Tokyo: International Institute for Buddhist Studies.
Harrison, Paul, ed. 1992. Drumakinnararajapariprcchasutra: A Critical Edition of the Tibetan Text (Recension A) based on Eight Editions of the Kanjur and the Dunhuang Manuscript Fragment. Tokyo: International Institute for Buddhist Studies.
Hauer, Jacob W. 1927. Die Dharani im nördlichen Buddhismus und ihre Parallelen in der sogenannten Mithraliturgie. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.
Hu-von Hinüber, Haiyan. 1997a. ‘On the Sources of some Entries in the Mahavyutpatti: Contributions to Indo-Tibetan Lexicography I’. In Untersuchungen zur buddhistischen Literatur (II): Gustav Roth zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet, eds Heinz Bechert, Sven Bretfeld & Petra Kieffer-Pülz, 181–99. SWTF 2nd Series, Supplement 8. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.
Hu-von Hinüber, Haiyan, 1997b. ‘The 17 Titles of the Vinayavastu in the Mahavyutpatti: Contributions to Indo-Tibetan Lexicography II’. In Bauddhavidyasudhakarah: Studies in Honour of Heinz Bechert on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday, eds Petra Kieffer-Pülz & Jens-Uwe Hartmann, 339–45. Indica et Tibetica 30. Swisttal-Odendorf: Indica et Tibetica.
Inagaki, Hisao, ed. 1987. The Anantamukhanirhara-Dharani Sutra and Jñanagarbha’s Commentary: A Study and the Tibetan Text. Kyoto: Nagata Bunshodo.
Ishihama, Yumiko & Yoichi Fukuda, eds. 1989. A New Critical Edition of the Mahavyutpatti: Sanskrit– Tibetan–Mongolian Dictionary of Buddhist Terminology. Materials for Tibetan-Mongolian Dictionaries 1. Tokyo: Toyo Bunko.
Ishikawa, Mie, ed. 1990. A Critical Edition of the sGra sbyor bam po gñis pa: An Old and Basic Commentary on the Mahavyutpatti. Studia Tibetica 18. Tokyo: The Toyo Bunko.
Johnston, Edward H., ed. 1950. Ratnagotravibhaga Mahayanottaratantrasastra. Patna: Bihar Research Society.
Kagawa, Takao. 1958. ‘On the Compilation Date of the Mahavyutpatti’. Indogaku bukkyogaku kenkyu (Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies) 7(1): 160–61.
Kapstein, Matthew. 2001. ‘Scholastic Buddhism and the Mantrayana’. In Reason’s Traces: Identity and Interpretation in Indian & Tibetan Buddhist Thought, ed. M. Kapstein, 233–55. Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications.
Kern, Hendrik & Bunyiu Nanjio, eds. [1908–12] 1970. Saddharmapundarika, Bibliotheca Buddhica 10. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag.
Kurumiya, Yenshu, ed. 1978–9. Ratnaketuparivarta: Sanskrit and Tibetan Text, 2 vols. Kyoto: HeirakujiShoten.
La Vallée Poussin, Louis de, ed. [1903–13] 1970a. Mulamadhyamakakarikas (Madhyamikasutras) de Nagarjuna avec la Prasannapada Commentaire de Candrakirti. Bibliotheca Buddhica 4. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag
La Vallée Poussin, Louis de, ed. [1907–12] 1970b. Madhyamakavatara par Candrakirti: Traduction Tibétaine. Bibliotheca Buddhica 9. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag.
Lalou, Marcelle. 1953. ‘Les Textes bouddhiques au temps du roi Khri-sron-lde-bcan’. Journal Asiatique 241: 313–53.
Lamotte, Étienne. 1958. Histoire du bouddhisme indien: Des origines à l’ère Saka. Publications de l’Institut Orientaliste de Louvain 14. Louvain: Institut Orientaliste de Louvain.
Lamotte, Étienne. 1970–81. Le Traité de la Grande Vertu de Sagesse de Nagarjuna (Mahaprajñaparamitasastra), 5 vols. Louvain: Institut Orientaliste Louvain.
Laufer, Berthold. 1898. ‘Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft der Tibeter: Zamatog’. Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaft, Philosophisch-historische Classe (1898): 519–94.
Lévi, Sylvain, ed. & trans. 1911. Mahayanasutralamkara: Exposé de la Doctrine du Grand Véhicule selon le système Yogacara, vol. 2. Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion.
Mitra, Rajendralala, ed. 1888. Astasahasrika Prajñaparamita: A Collection of Discourses on the Metaphysics of the Mahayana School of the Buddhists. Bibliotheca Indica New Series 603, 620, 629, 645, 671, 690. Calcutta: G. H. Rouse.
Müller, Max & H. Wenzel, eds. [1885] 1981. Dharmasamgraha: An Ancient Collection of Buddhist Technical Terms. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications.
Pagel, Ulrich. 1995. The Bodhisattvapitaka: Its Doctrines, Practices and their Position and their Position in Mahayana Literature. Tring: Institute of Buddhist Studies.
Pagel, Ulrich. 2007. Mapping the Path: Vajrapadas in Mahayana Literature. Studia Philologica Buddhica 21. Tokyo: International Institute for Buddhist Studies.
Padoux, André. 1990. Vac: The Concept of the Word in Selected Hindu Tantras, trans. Jacques Gontier. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Padoux, André. Forthcoming. Tantric Mantras: Studies on Mantrasastra. London: Routledge.
Pasadika, Bhikkhu, ed. 1989. Nagarjuna’s Sutrasamuccaya: A Critical Edition of the Mdo kun las btus pa. Fontes Tibetici Havnienses 2. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag.
Rahder, Johannes, ed. 1926. Dasabhumikasutra et Bodhisattvabhumi (Chapitres Vihara et Bhumi). Paris: Paul Geuthner.
Régamey, Konstanty, ed. & trans. [1938] 1990. The Bhadramayakaravyakarana: Introduction, Tibetan Text, Translation and Notes. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Ruegg, David Seyfort. 1969. La Théorie du tathagatagarbha et du gotra. Publications de l’École Française d’Extrême-Orient 70. Paris: École Française d’Extrême-Orient.
Ruegg, David Seyfort. 1973. ‘On Translating the Buddhist Canon’. In Studies in Indo-Asian Art and Culture, vol. 3, ed. P Ratnam, 243–61. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture.
Ruegg, David Seyfort. 1998. ‘Sanskrit-Tibetan and Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionaries and Some Problems in Indo-Tibetan Philosophical Lexicography’. In Lexicography in the Indian and Buddhist Cultural Field (Proceedings of the Conference at the University of Strasbourg, 25–27 April 1996), ed. Boris Oguibénine, 115–42. Munich: Kommission für Zentralasiatische Studien, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Sakaki, Ryozaburo. 1962. Mahavyutpatti/Honyaku meigi daishu. Bonzo Kanwa. Chibetto yaku-taiko, 2 vols. Kyoto: Suzuki Research Foundation. Originally published Tokyo: Shingonshu Kyoto Daigaku, 1925. Sanskrit index complied by Kyoo Nishio, 1936.
Sárközi, Alice, ed. 1995. A Buddhist Terminological Dictionary: The Mongolian Mahavyutpatti, in collaboration with János Szerb. Asiatische Forschungen 130. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
Scherrer-Schaub, Cristina. 1992. ‘Sa-cu: Qu’y-a-t-il au programme de la classe de philologie bouddhique?’. In Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 5th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies Narita 1989, eds Shoren Ihara & Zuiho Yamaguchi, 209–20. Narita: Naritasan Shinshoji.
Scherrer-Scbaub, Cristina A. 2002. ‘Enacting Words: A Diplomatic Analysis of the Imperial Decrees (bkas bcad) and their Application in the sGra sbyor bam po gñis pa Tradition’. Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 25(1–2): 263–340.
Simonsson, Nils, 1957. Indo-Tibetische Studien: Die Methoden der tibetischen Übersetzer, untersucht in Hinblick auf die Bedeutung ihrer Übersetzungen für die Sanskritphilologie. Uppsala: Almsquist & Wiksells.
Skilling, Peter. 1992. ‘The Raksa Literature of the Sravakayana’. Journal of the Pali Text Society 16: 109–83.
Skilling, Peter. 1994. Mahasutras: Great Discourses of the Buddha, vol. 1. Oxford: Pali Text Society.
Skilling, Peter. 1997. Mahasutras: Great Discourses of the Buddha, vol. 2. Oxford: Pali Text Society.
Study Group on Buddhist Literature, ed. 2004. Jñanalokalamkara: Transliterated Sanskrit Text Collated with Tibetan and Chinese Translations. The Institute for Comprenhensive Studies of Buddhism. Taisho University. Tokyo: Taisho University Press.
Suzuki, Daisetz T. & H. Idzumi, eds. [1934] 1949. The Gandavyuha Sutra, rev. edn. Kyoto: Society for the Publication of Sacred Books of the World.
Taube, Manfred. 1978. ‘Zu einigen Texten der tibetischen brda-gsar-rñin Literatur’. Asienwissenschaftliche Beiträge, eds Eberhardt Richter & Manfred Taube, 169–201. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
Tucci, Giuseppe, ed. 1978. Minor Buddhist Texts: Part 1 & 2. Serie Orientale Roma 9. Kyoto: Rinsen Book Company. Originally published (Rome: Is. MEO, 1956, 1958).
Uray, Geza. 1989. ‘Contributions to the Date of the Vyutpatti Treatises’. Acta Orientalia Hungarian Academy of Sciences 43: 3–21.
Vaidya, Parashuram Lakshman, ed. 1964. Mahayanasutrasamgraha, vol. 2. Buddhist Sanskrit Texts 18. Darbhanga: Mithila Institute.
Verhagen, Pieter. 1988. ‘Tibetan Expertise in Sanskrit Grammar – A Case Study: Grammatical Analysis of the Term Pratityasamutpada’. Journal of the Tibet Society 8: 21–48.
Verhagen, Pieter. 1993. ‘Mantra and Grammar: Observations on the Study of the Linguistic Aspects of Buddhist ‘Esoteric Formulas’ in Tibet’. In Aspects of Buddhist Sanskrit: Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Language of Sanskrit Buddhist Texts (1–5 October 1991), ed. K. N. Mishra, 334–7. Sarnath: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies.
Verhagen, Pieter. 1994. A History of Sanskrit Grammatical Literature in Tibet: Transmission of the Canonical Literature. Handbuch der Orientalistik 8. Leiden: Brill.
Verhagen, Pieter. 1997. ‘Studies in Tibetan Indigenous Grammar (3): Sanskrit Nipata, Tibetan TshigPhrad’. In Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 7th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Graz 1995, eds Helmut Krasser, Michael Torsten Much, Ernst Steinkellner, Helmut Tauscher, 1011–22. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Wayman, Alex. 1984. ‘The Significance of Mantras, from the Veda down to Buddhist Tantric Practice’. Reprinted in Buddhist Insight: Essays by Alex Wayman, ed. George Elder, 413–30. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Wogihara, Unrai, ed. 1930–36. Bodhisattvabhumi. Tokyo.
Wogihara, Unrai, ed. 1932. Abhisamayalamkaraloka Prajñaparamita. Tokyo: Sankibo Buddhist Book Store.
Yoshimura, Hiromi. 1987. ‘How to Interpret Dharani in Early Mahayana Buddhism and How Buddhists Interpret Mantra’. Ryukoku Kiyo 9(1): 1–16.
