Transdisciplinary Approaches to Understanding Past Australian Aboriginal Foodways
Keywords:
agriculture, food procurement, Aboriginal food systems, foodways, food production, food securityAbstract
Global understanding of past food systems is based on many lines of evidence, involving complex multidisciplinary contributions. It has long been considered that since Australia’s first colonisation, now dated to 65,000 years ago, its peoples were supported largely through foraging as opposed to farming. Recent research has challenged that perspective, contentiously proposing that Australia’s first nations peoples developed agricultural systems before European colonisation. This proposal has been subject to significant critique, but support of the food-producing nature of Aboriginal society has been boosted by new multi-disciplinary evidence for early aquaculture and possibly cultivation, as well as for the translocation of plants though trans-continental trade systems. While this analysis has generated new discussion and debate, it has also highlighted systemic empirical biases; archaeological data for pre-European plant exploitation remains sparse, and we consistently rely on potentially unrepresentative and historically shallow ethnographic information to fill that gap. We argue that by employing collaborative transdisciplinary research that incorporates Western scientific and Indigenous knowledge pathways, we can more effectively explore the diverse and complex nature of Aboriginal foodways in Australia’s past, from the earliest human arrivals to its current mosaic of different food systems.
References
Adams, Shaun, Michael C. Westaway, David McGahan, Douglas Williams, Jian-Xin Zhao, Yuexing Feng, Ai Nguyen, John Pearce, Clarence Flinders, and Mark Collard. 2021. “Isotopic Analyses of Prehistoric Human Remains from the Flinders Group, Queensland, Australia, Support an Association between Burial Practices and Status.” Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 13(7):1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-021-01376-3
Allen, Jim, Richard Cosgrove, and Jillian Garvey. 2016. “Optimality Models and the Food Quest in Pleistocene Tasmania.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 44:206–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2016.07.009
Ananda, Galaihalage K. S., Harry Myrans, Sally L. Norton, Roslyn Gleadow, Agnelo Furtado, and Robert J. Henry. 2020. “Wild Sorghum as a Promising Resource for Crop Improvement.” Frontiers in Plant Science 11:1108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01108
Ananda, Galaihalage, Sally Norton, Cecilia Blomstedt, Agnelo Furtado, Birger Møller, Roslyn Gleadow, and Robert J. Henry. 2021. “Phylogenetic Relationships in the Sorghum Genus Based on Sequencing of the Chloroplast and Nuclear Genes.” The Plant Genome 14(3):e20123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20123
Asmussen, Brit. 2009. “Another Burning Question: Hunter-Gatherer Exploitation of Macrozamia spp.” Archaeology in Oceania 44:142–149. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2009.tb00058.x
Baird, Douglas, Andrew Fairbairn, Emma L. Jenkins, Louise Martin, Caroline Middleton, Jessica Pearson, Eleni Asouti, Yvonne Edwards, Ceren Kabukcu, Gökhan Mustafaoglu, et al. 2018. “Agricultural Origins on the Anatolian Plateau.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115: E3077–E3086. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800163115
Baird, Douglas, Andrew Fairbairn, and Louise Martin. 2017. “The Animate House, the Institutionalization of the Household in Neolithic Central Anatolia.” World Archaeology 49(5):753–776. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2016.1215259
Balme, Jane and Sue O’Connor. 2016. “Dingoes and Aboriginal Social Organization in Holocene Australia.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 7:775–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.08.015
Barber, Marcus and Sue Jackson. 2014. “Autonomy and the Intercultural: Interpreting the History of Australian Aboriginal Water Management in the Roper River Catchment, Northern Territory.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 20:670–693. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12129
Barker, Graeme. 2009. The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory: Why Did Foragers Become Farmers? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Birks, H. J. B. 2019. “Paleoecology.” In Encyclopedia of Ecology (Second Edition), edited by B. Fath, 494–504. Oxford: Elsevier.
Bowdery, Doreen. 1998. Phytolith Analysis Applied to Pleistocene-Holocene Archaeological Sites in the Australian Arid Zone. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
Bowman, David M. J. S., Jason Gibson, and Toshiaki Kondo. 2015. “Outback Palms: Aboriginal Myth Meets DNA Analysis.” Nature 520:33. https://doi.org/10.1038/520033a
Brozynska, Marta, Dario Copetti, Agnelo Furtado, Rod A. Wing, Darren Crayn, Glen Fox, Ryuji Ishikawa, and Robert J. Henry. 2016. “Sequencing of Australian Wild Rice Genomes Reveals Ancestral Relationships with Domesticated Rice.” Plant Biotechnology Journal 15:765–774. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12674
Builth, Heather. 2004. “Mt Eccles Lava Flow and the Gunditjmara Connection: A Landform for All Seasons.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 116(1):163–82.
Campbell, Gill, Lisa Moffett, and Vanessa Straker. 2011. Environmental Archaeology: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Methods from Sampling and Recovery to Post-Excavation. London: English Heritage.
Cane, Scott. 1987. “Australian Aboriginal Subsistence in the Western Desert.” Human Ecology 15(4):391–434. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00887998
Chen, Qiuyue, Luis Fernando Samayoa, Chin Jian Yang, Peter J. Bradbury, Bode A. Olukolu, Michael A. Neumeyer, Maria Cinta Romay, Qi Sun, Anne Lorant, Edward S. Buckler, et al. 2020. “The Genetic Architecture of the Maize Progenitor, Teosinte, and How It Was Altered During Maize Domestication.” PLoS Genetics 16(5):e1008791. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008791
Chirikure, Shadreck. 2021. “Making Archaeology Relevant to Global Challenges: A Global South Perspective.” Antiquity 95(382):1073–1077. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2021.72
Ciotti, Marco, Massimo Ciccozzi, Alessandro Terrinoni, Wen-Cen Jiang, Chen-Bin Wang, and Sergio Bernardini. 2020. “The Covid-19 Pandemic.” Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 57(6):365–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408363.2020.1783198
Clarke, Anne. 1994. “Romancing the Stones. The Cultural Construction of an Archaeological in the Western District of Victoria.” Archaeology in Oceania 29(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.1994.29.1.1
Clarke, Philip A. 2003. “Australian Ethnobotany: An Overview.” Australian Aboriginal Studies 2003(2):21–38.
———. 2014. Discovering Aboriginal Plant Use: The Journeys of an Australian Anthropologist. Sydney: Rosenberg Publishing.
Clarkson, Chris, Zenobia Jacobs, Ben Marwick, Richard L. K. Fullagar, Lynley Wallis, Mike Smith, Richard G Roberts, Elspeth Hayes, Kelsey Lowe, Xavier Carah, et al. 2017. “Human Occupation of Northern Australia by 65,000 Years Ago.” Nature 547:306–310. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22968
Clarkson, Chris, and Lynley A. Wallis. 2003. “The Search for El Niño/Southern Oscillation in Archaeological Sites: Recent Phytolith Analysis at Jugali-Ya Rock Shelter, Wardaman Country, Australia.” In Proceedings of the State-of-the-Art in Phytolith and Starch Research in the Australian, Pacific and South East Asian Regions, edited by D. M. Hart and L. Wallis, 137–52. Canberra: Pandanus Press.
Clement, Charles R., William M. Denevan, Michael J. Heckenberger, André Braga Junqueira, Eduardo G. Neves, Wenceslau G. Teixeira, and William I. Woods. 2015. “The Domestication of Amazonia before European Conquest.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 282(1812):20150813-9. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0813
Collard, Mark, Sally Wasef, Shaun Adams, Kirsty Wright, R. John Mitchell, Joanne L. Wright, Gabriel Wrobel, Nano Nagle, Adrian Miller, Rachel Wood, et al. 2019. “Giving It a Burl: Towards the Integration of Genetics, Isotope Chemistry, and Osteoarchaeology in Cape York, Tropical North Queensland, Australia.” World Archaeology 51(4):602–619. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2019.1686418
Cosgrove, Richard, Judith Field, and Åsa Ferrier. 2007. “The Archaeology of Australia’s Tropical Rainforests.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 251(1):150–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.023
Coutts, Peter J., R. K. Frank, and Philip Hughes. 1978. Aboriginal Engineers of the Western District, Victoria. Records of the Victorian Archaeological Survey: Records of the Victorian Archaeological Survey, No. 7. Melbourne: Ministry for Conservation.
Denham, Tim P., Jennifer Atchison, Jeremy J. Austin, Sheahan Bestel, Doreen Bowdery, Alison Crowther, Nic Dolby, Andrew S. Fairbairn, Judith Field, Amanda Kennedy, et al. 2009. “Archaeobotany in Australia and New Guinea: Practice, Potential and Prospects.” Australian Archaeology 68:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2009.11681884
Denham, Tim, Mark Donohue, and Sara Booth. 2009. “Horticultural Experimentation in Northern Australia Reconsidered.” Antiquity 83:634–648. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00098884
Denham, Tim, Simon G. Haberle, Carol J. Lentfer, Richard L. K. Fullagar, Judith Field, Michael Therin, Nick Porch, and Barbara Winsborough. 2003. “Origins of Agriculture at Kuk Swamp in the Highlands of New Guinea.” Science 301:189–193. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1085255
Deur, Douglas and Nancy J. Turner. 2005. Keeping It Living: Traditions of Plant Use and Cultivation on the Northwest Coast of North America. Washington: University of Washington Press.
Dilkes-Hall, India E., Jane Balme, Sue O’Connor, and Emilie Dotte-Sarout. 2020a. “Archaeobotany of Aboriginal Plant Foods During the Holocene at Riwi, South Central Kimberley, Western Australia.” Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 29(3):309–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-019-00744-3
Dilkes-Hall, India E., Jane Balme, Sue O’Connor, and Emilie Dotte-Sarout. 2020b. “Evaluating Human Responses to ENSO Driven Climate Change During the Holocene in Northwest Australia through Macrobotanical Analyses.” The Holocene 30(12):1728–740. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620950410
Dilkes-Hall, India E., June Davis, and Helen Malo. 2019. “’Doog girndi’. Using Experimental Archaeology to Understand the Archaeobotanical Record: An Investigation of Mid-Holocene ‘Vitex glabrata’ Fruit Processing in Gooniyandi Country, Northwest Australia.” Artefact 42:3–16.
Dilkes-Hall, India E., Tim Maloney, June Davis, Helen Malo, Edna Cherel, Mervyn Street, Willy Cherrabun, and Bobby Cherel. 2019. “Understanding Archaeobotany through Ethnobotany: An Example from Gooniyandi Country, Northwest, Western Australia.” Journal of the Anthropological Society of South Australia 43:5–33.
Ditchfield, Kane, Tiina Manne, Fiona Hook, Ingrid Ward, and Peter Veth. 2018. “Coastal Occupation before the ‘Big Swamp’: Results from Excavations at John Wayne Country Rockshelter on Barrow Island.” Archaeology in Oceania 53(3):163–178. https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5164
Donlon, Denise. 1994. “Aboriginal Skeletal Collections and Research in Physical Anthropology: An Historical Perspective.” Australian Archaeology 39(1):73–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1994.11681530
Dotte-Sarout, Emilie, Xavier Carah, and Chae Byrne. 2015. “Not Just Carbon: Assessment and Prospects for the Application of Anthracology in Oceania.” Archaeology in Oceania 50:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5041
Edwards, Phillip C., John Meadows, Ghattas Sayej, and Michael C. Westaway. 2004. “From the PPNA to the PPNB: New Views from the Southern Levant after Excavations at Zahrat Adh-Dhra’ 2 in Jordan.” Paléorient 30(2):21–60. https://doi.org/10.3406/paleo.2004.1010
Ens, Emilie J., Fiona Walsh, and Philip A. Clarke. 2017. “Aboriginal People and Australia’s Vegetation: Past and Current Interactions.” In Australian Vegetation, edited by D. A. Keith, 89–112. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fairbairn, Andrew. 2005. Simple Bucket Flotation and Wet-Sieving in the Wet Tropics. Canberra: The Australian National University.
Faulkner, Patrick. 2013. Life on the Margins: An Archaeological Investigation of Late Holocene Economic Variability, Blue Mud Bay, Northern Australia. Terra Australis. Canberra: Australian National University Press.
Ferrier, Åsa. 2016. Journeys into the Rainforest. Terra Australis. Canberra: Australian National University Press.
Ferrier, Åsa, and Richard Cosgrove. 2012. “Aboriginal Exploitation of Toxic Nuts as a Late-Holocene Subsistence Strategy in Australia’s Tropical Rainforests.” In Peopled Landscapes. Archaeological and Biogeographic Approaches to Landscapes, edited by Simon G. Haberle and Bruno David, 103–120. Terra Australis. Canberra: Australian National University E-Press.
Field, Judith, Richard Cosgrove, Richard L. K. Fullagar, and Braddon Lance. 2009. “Starch Residues on Grinding Stones in Private Collections: A Study of Morahs from the Tropical Rainforests of Ne Queensland.” In Archaeological Science under a Microscope, edited by Michael Haslam, Gail Robertson, Alison Crowther, Luke Kirkwood and Sue Nugent, 228–238. Terra Australis. Canberra: Australian National University E-Press.
Fletcher, Michael-Shawn, Tegan Hall, and Andreas N. Alexandra. 2021. “The Loss of an Indigenous Constructed Landscape Following British Invasion of Australia: An Insight into the Deep Human Imprint on the Australian Landscape.” Ambio 50(1):138–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01339-3
Florin, S. Anna and Xavier Carah. 2018. “Moving Past the ‘Neolithic Problem’: The Development and Interaction of Subsistence Systems across Northern Sahul.” Quaternary International 489:46–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.12.033
Florin, S. Anna, Andrew Fairbairn, May Nango, Djaykuk Djandjomerr, Ben Marwick, Richard L. K. Fullagar, Mike A. Smith, Lynley A. Wallis, and Chris Clarkson. 2020. “The First Australian Plant Foods at Madjedbebe, 65,000–53,000 Years Ago.” Nature Communications 11:924. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14723-0
Florin, S. Anna, Patrick Roberts, Ben Marwick, Nicholas R. Patton, Jamie Shulmeister, Catherine E. Lovelock, Linda A. Barry, Quan Hua, May Nango, Djaykuk Djandjomerr, et al. 2021. “Pandanus Nutshell Generates a Palaeoprecipitation Record for Human Occupation at Madjedbebe, Northern Australia.” Nature Ecology & Evolution 5(3):295–303. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01379-8
Frankel, David. 2017. Between the Murray and the Sea: Aboriginal Archaeology of Southeastern Australia. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
Fullagar, Richard L. K., Elspeth Hayes, Birgitta Stephenson, Judith Field, Carney Matheson, Nicola Stern, and Kathryn Fitzsimmons. 2015. “Evidence for Pleistocene Seed Grinding at Lake Mungo, South-Eastern Australia.” Archaeology in Oceania 50:3–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5053
Fullagar, Richard L. K., Birgitta Stephenson, and Elspeth Hayes. 2016. “Grinding Grounds: Function and Distribution of Grinding Stones from an Open Site in the Pilbara, Western Australia.” Quaternary International 427(B):175–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.141
Fullagar, Richard L. K. and Lynley A. Wallis. 2014. “Usewear and Phytoliths on Bedrock Grinding Patches, Pilbara, North-Western Australia.” Pacific Rim Archaeology 35:75–87.
Gammage, Bill. 2013. The Biggest Estate on Earth: How Aborigines Made Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Garvey, Jillian. 2010. “Economic Anatomy of the Bennett’s Wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus): Implications for Understanding Human Hunting Strategies in Late Pleistocene Tasmania.” Quaternary International 211(1–2):144–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2009.07.006
Garvey, Jillian, John Clarke, and Darren Perry. 2021. “What Is Farming, What Is Archaeology, and Who Gets to Decide?” Australian Archaeology 87(3):309–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1991409
Garvey, Jillian, Georgia Roberts, and Richard Cosgrove. 2016. “Economic Utility and Nutritional Value of the Common Wombat (Vombatus ursinus): Evaluating Australian Aboriginal Hunting and Butchery Patterns.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 7:751–763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.10.037
Gerritsen, Rupert. 2008. Australia and the Origins of Agriculture. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. https://doi.org/10.30861/9781407303543
Gilmour, J. M. 1871. Journal of Expedition of the Bulloo Native Mounted Police. Unpublished.
Gott, Beth. 1992. “Koorie Use and Management of the Plains.” In ‘The Great Plains Crash’. Proceedings of Conference on the Grasslands and Grassy Woodlands of Victoria, edited by R. Jones, 41–45. Melbourne: Indigenous Flora and Fauna Association & Victorian National Parks Association.
———. 2008. “Indigenous Use of Plants in South-Eastern Australia.” Telopea 12(2):215–226. https://doi.org/10.7751/telopea20085811
Graeber, David, and David Wengrow. 2021. The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity. London: Penguin.
Gutaker, Rafal M., Simon C. Groen, Emily S. Bellis, Jae Y. Choi, Inês S. Pires, R. Kyle Bocinsky, Emma R. Slayton, Olivia Wilkins, Cristina C. Castillo, Sónia Negrão, et al. 2020. “Genomic History and Ecology of the Geographic Spread of Rice.” Nature Plants 6:492–502. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0659-6
Harris, David R. 1977. “Subsistence Strategies across Torres Straits.” In Sunda and Sahul: Prehistoric Studies in Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Australia, edited by J. Allen, J. Golson, and R. Jones, 421–463. London: Academic Press.
———. 1995. “Early Agriculture in New Guinea and the Torres Strait Divide.” Antiquity 69(265):848–854. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00082387
Hayes, Elspeth H., Judith Field, Adele C. F. Coster, Richard L. K. Fullagar, Carney Matheson, S. Anna Florin, May Nango, Djaykuk Djandjomerr, Ben Marwick, Lynley A. Wallis, et al. 2021. “Holocene Grinding Stones at Madjedbebe Reveal the Processing of Starchy Plant Taxa and Animal Tissue.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 35:102754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102754
Head, Lesley. 1989. “Using Palaeoecology to Date Aboriginal Fishtraps at Lake Condah, Victoria.” Archaeology in Oceania 24(3):110–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.1989.tb00220.x
Henry, Robert J. 2019. “Australian Wild Rice Populations: A Key Resource for Global Food Security.” Frontiers in Plant Science 10:1354. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01354
———. 2023. “Genomic Characterization Supporting the Development of New Food and Crop Options from the Australian flora.” Sustainable Food Technology 1:337. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FB00001J
Hillman, Gordon C. 1973. “Crop Husbandry and Food Production: Modern Basis for the Interpretation of Plant Remains.” Anatolian Studies 23:241–244. https://doi.org/10.2307/3642543
Hiscock, Peter. 2008. The Archaeology of Ancient Australia. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203448359
Hiscock, Peter and Scott Mitchell. 1993. Stone Artefact Quarries and Reduction Sites in Australia: Towards a Type Profile. Canberra: Australian Government Public Service.
Holmes, Miles C. and Wanta (Stephen Patrick) Jampijinpa. 2013. “Law for Country: The Structure of Warlpiri Ecological Knowledge and its Application to Natural Resource Management and Ecosystem Stewardship.” Ecology and Society 18(3):19. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05537-180319
Hynes, R. A. and A. K. Chase. 1982. “Plants, Sites and Domiculture: Aboriginal Influence Upon Plant Communities in Cape York Peninsula.” Archaeology in Oceania 17:38–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.1982.tb00037.x
Jones, Rhys. 1969. “Firestick Farming.” Australian Natural History 16(7):224–228.
Kemter, M., M. Fischer, L. V. Luna, E. Schönfeldt, J. Vogel, A. Banerjee, O. Korup, and K. Thonicke. 2021. “Cascading Hazards in the Aftermath of Australia’s 2019/2020 Black Summer Wildfires.” Earth’s Future 9(3):e2020EF001884. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001884
Kershaw, Peter. 1986. “Climatic Change and Aboriginal Burning in North-East Australia During the Last Two Glacial/Interglacial Cycles.” Nature 322(6074):47–49. https://doi.org/10.1038/322047a0
Kershaw, Peter, Patrick T. Moss, and Sander Van Der Kaars. 2003. “Causes and Consequences of Long-Term Climatic Variability on the Australian Continent.” Freshwater Biology 48(7):1274–283. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01085.x
Kershaw, Peter, Sander van der Kaars, and Patrick T. Moss. 2003. “Late Quaternary Milankovitch-Scale Climatic Change and Variability and its Impact on Monsoonal Australasia.” Marine Geology 201(1–3):81–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00210-X
Kershaw, Peter, Sander van der Kaars, Patrick T. Moss, Bradley Opdyke, François Guichard, Susan Rule, and Chris Turney. 2006. “Environmental Change and the Arrival of People in the Australian Region.” Before Farming 1(2):1–24. https://doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2006.1.2
King, Fleur and Emilie Dotte-Sarout. 2019. “Wood Charcoal Analysis in Tropical Rainforest: A Pilot Study Identifying Firewood Used at Toxic Nut Processing Sites in Northeast Queensland, Australia.” Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 28:163–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-018-0688-5
Kintigh, Keith W., J. H. Altschul, Mary C. Beaudry, Robert D. Drennan, A. P. Kinzig, Timothy A. Kohler, W. F. Limp, H. D. G. Maschner, W. K. Michener, T. R. Pauketat, et al. 2014. “Grand Challenges for Archaeology.” American Antiquity 79(1):5–24. https://doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.1.5
Kondo, Toshiaki, Michael D. Crisp, Celeste Linde, David M. J. S. Bowman, Kemsuke Kawamura, Shingo Kaneko, and Yuji Isagi. 2012. “Not an Ancient Relic: The Endemic Livistona Palms of Arid Central Australia Could Have Been Introduced by Humans.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 279:2652–661. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0103
Kuijt, Ian and Bill Finlayson. 2009. “Evidence for Food Storage and Predomestication Granaries 11,000 Years Ago in the Jordan Valley.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(27):10966–970. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812764106
Larsen, Clark S. 2006. “The Agricultural Revolution as Environmental Catastrophe: Implications for Health and Lifestyle in the Holocene.” Quaternary International 150:12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.01.004
Latz, P. K. 1995. Bushfires & Bushtucker. Alice Springs: IAD Press.
Lepofsky, Dana and Ken Lertzman. 2008. “Documenting Ancient Plant Management in the Northwest of North America.” Botany 86(2):129–145. https://doi.org/10.1139/B07-094
Lester, A. and F. Dussart. 2014. Colonization and the Origins of Humanitarian Governance: Protecting Aborigines across the Nineteenth-Century British Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lightfoot, Emma, M. Cemre Ustunkaya, Natalia A. S. Przelomska, Tamsin C. O’Connell, Harriet V. Hunt, Martin K. Jones, and Cameron A. Petrie. 2020. “Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Variability in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) with Watering Regime.” Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 34(6):e8615. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8615
Littleton, Judith. 2014. “Local Trajectories? A View from Down Under.” In Archaeological Human Remains, edited by B. O’Donnabhain and M. C. Lozada Cerna, 41–52. Berlin: Springer.
Loch, D. S., P. W. Johnston, T. A. Jensen, and G. L. Harvey. 1996. “Harvesting, Processing, and Marketing Australian Native Grass Seeds.” New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 39:591–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1996.9513218
Lourandos, Harry. 1997. Continent of Hunter-Gatherers: New Perspectives in Australian Prehistory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 2008. “Constructing ‘Hunter-Gatherers’, Constructing ‘Prehistory’: Australia and New Guinea.” Australian Archaeology 67(1):69–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2008.11681879
———. 2010. “Review: Australia and the Origins of Agriculture.” Australian Archaeology 70(1):75–77.
———. 2021. “Tragedy or Transformation: Australian Archaeology at the Crossroads (Again).” Australian Archaeology 87(3):311–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1991426
Mackenzie, Lydia, Patrick T. Moss, and Sean Ulm. 2020. “A Late-Holocene Record of Coastal Wetland Development and Fire Regimes in Tropical Northern Australia.” The Holocene 30(10):1379–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620932970
Maezumi, S Yoshi, Daiana Alves, Mark Robinson, Jonas Gregorio Souza, Carolina Levis, Robert L Barnett, Edemar Almeida de Oliveira, Dunia Urrego, Denise Schaan, and Jose Iriarte. 2018. “The Legacy of 4,500Years of Polyculture Agroforestry in the Eastern Amazon.” Nature Plants 4:540–547. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-018-0205-y
Malaspinas, A. S., M. C. Westaway, C. Muller, V. C. Sousa, O. Lao, I. Alves, A. Bergstrom, G. Athanasiadis, J. Y. Cheng, J. E. Crawford, et al. 2016. “A Genomic History of Aboriginal Australia.” Nature 538(7624):207–214. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18299
Mathews, R. H. 1903. “The Aboriginal Fisheries at Brewarrina.” Journal of the Proceedings of the Royal Society 37:146–156. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.359405
McDonald, Jo. 2021. “Archaeology, Deep History and the Culture Wars: Why Most Archaeologists Have Not Critiqued Dark Emu.” Australian Archaeology 87(3):313–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1991432
McDonald, Jo and Megan Berry. 2017. “Murujuga, Northwestern Australia: When Arid Hunter-Gatherers Became Coastal Foragers.” Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 12:24–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564894.2015.1125971
McNiven, Ian J. 2021. “Bandwagons and Bathwater.” Australian Archaeology 87(3):316–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1991436
McNiven, Ian J., Joe Crouch, Thomas Richards, Nic Dolby, Geraldine Jacobsen, and Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation. 2012. “Dating Aboriginal Stone-Walled Fishtraps at Lake Condah, Southeast Australia.” Journal of Archaeological Science 39:268–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.09.007
McNiven, Ian J., Julian E. Dunn, Joe Crouch, and Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation. 2017. “Kurtonitj Stone House: Excavation of a Mid-Nineteenth Century Aboriginal Frontier Site from Gunditjmara Country, South-West Victoria.” Archaeology in Oceania 52(3):171–197. https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5136
Meehan, Betty. 1982. Shell Bed to Shell Midden. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
Meyer, Rachel S. and Michael D. Purugganan. 2013. “Evolution of Crop Species: Genetics of Domestication and Diversification.” Nature Reviews Genetics 14(12):840–852. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg3605
Milek, Karen. 2018. “Transdisciplinary Archaeology and the Future of Archaeological Practice: Citizen Science, Portable Science, Ethical Science.” Norwegian Archaeological Review 51(1–2):36–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/00293652.2018.1552312
Miller, Maddison. 2021. “Blak Emu.” Australian Archaeology 87(3):318–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1991442
Milner, N., C. Conneller, and B. Taylor. 2018. Star Carr Volume 1: A Persistent Place in a Changing World. Heslington: White Rose University Press.
Mooney, S. D., S. P. Harrison, P. J. Bartlein, A. L. Daniau, J. Stevenson, K. C. Brownlie, S. Buckman, M. Cupper, J. Luly, and M. Black. 2011. “Late Quaternary Fire Regimes of Australasia.” Quaternary Science Reviews 30(1–2):28–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.10.010
Moss, Patrick T., Gavin B. Dunbar, Zoe Thomas, Chris Turney, Peter Kershaw, and Geraldine E. Jacobsen. 2017. “A 60000-Year Record of Environmental Change for the Wet Tropics of North-Eastern Australia Based on the ODP 820 Marine Core.” Journal of Quaternary Science 32(6):704–716. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2977
Moss, Patrick T., W. Roland Gehrels, and S. Louise Callard. 2016. “European Impacts on Coastal Eastern Tasmania: Insight from a High-Resolution Palynological Analysis of a Salt-Marsh Core.” Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 4:105. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2016.00105
Moss, Patrick T., John Tibby, Lynda Petherick, Hamish McGowan, and Cameron Barr. 2013. “Late Quaternary Vegetation History of North Stradbroke Island, Queensland, Eastern Australia.” Quaternary Science Reviews 74:257–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.02.019
Moss, Patrick T., Sean Ulm, Lydia Mackenzie, Lynley A Wallis, Daniel Rosendahl, and Lincoln Steinberger. 2019. “Robust Local Vegetation Records from Dense Archaeological Shell Matrixes: A Palynological Analysis of the Thundiy Shell Deposit, Bentinck Island, Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia.” Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 11:511–520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-016-0394-0
Mueller, Natalie G., Gayle J. Fritz, Paul Patton, Stephen Carmody, and Elizabeth T. Horton. 2017. “Growing the Lost Crops of Eastern North America’s Original Agricultural System.” Nature Plants 3(7):17092. https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2017.92
Mulvaney, John. 1976. “’The Chain of Connection’: The Material Evidence.” In Tribes and Boundaries in Australia, edited by N. Peterson, 72–94. Canberra: Australian Insititute of Aboriginal Studies.
Nangala, Josephine, Yalti Napangardi, Yukultji Napangardi, and Boyd R. Wright. 2019. “Ethnobotany of Warrilyu (Eucalyptus pachyphylla F. Muell. [Myrtaceae]): Aboriginal Seed Food of the Gibson Desert, Western Australia.” Economic Botany 73(3):416–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-019-09471-2
O’Connell, James F., and Kristen Hawkes. 1981. “Alyawara Plant Use and Optimal Foraging Theory.” In Hunter-Gatherer Foraging Strategies: Ethnographic and Archaeological Analysis, edited by B. Winterhalder and E. A. Smith, 99–125. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
O’Connor, Sue. 1987. “The Stone House Structures of High Cliffy Island, North West Kimberley, WA.” Australian Archaeology 25:30–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1987.12093123
Olsen, Penny and Lynette Russell. 2019. Australia’s First Naturalists: Indigenous Peoples’ Contribution to Early Zoology. Canberra: NLA Publishing.
Pardoe, Colin. 2013. “Repatriation, Reburial, and Biological Research in Australia.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial, edited by Liv Nilsson Stutz and Sarah Tarlow. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pardoe, Colin and Dan Hutton. 2021. “Aboriginal Heritage as Ecological Proxy in South-Eastern Australia: A Barapa Wetland Village.” Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 28(1):17–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2020.1821400
Pascoe, Bruce. 2014. Dark Emu, Black Seeds: Agriculture or Accident? Broome: Magabala Books.
Peterson, C. E. and R. D. Drennan. 2012. “Patterned Variation in Regional Trajectories of Community Growth.” In The Comparative Archaeology of Complex Societies, edited by M. E. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pinhasi, Ron and Jay T. Stock. 2011. Human Bioarchaeology of the Transition to Agriculture. Haboken: Wiley.
Porr, Martin and Ella Vivian-Williams. 2021. “The Tragedy of Bruce Pascoe’s Dark Emu.” Australian Archaeology 87(3):300–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1991378
Powell, Owen, Roderick J. Fensham, and Paul Memmott. 2013. “Indigenous Use of Spinifex Resin for Hafting in North-Eastern Australia.” Economic Botany 67(3):210–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-013-9238-3
Przelomska, Natalia A. S., Chelsey G. Armstrong, and Logan Kistler. 2020. “Ancient Plant DNA as a Window into the Cultural Heritage and Biodiversity of Our Food System.” Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8:74. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00074
Rangan, Haripriya, Karen L. Bell, David A. Baum, Rachael Fowler, Patrick McConvell, Thomas Saunders, Stef Spronck, Christian A. Kull, and Daniel J. Murphy. 2015. “New Genetic and Linguistic Analyses Show Ancient Human Influence on Baobab Evolution and Distribution in Australia.” PLoS ONE 10:e0119758. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119758
Reuther, J. G. 1981 [1914]. The Diari. Translated by P. A. Scherere. AIAS Microform 2. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
Roberts, Patrick, Alice Buhrich, Victor Caetano-Andrade, Richard Cosgrove, Andrew Fairbairn, S. Anna Florin, Nils Vanwezer, Nicole Boivin, Barry Hunter, Desley Mosquito, et al. 2021. “Reimagining the Relationship between Gondwanan Forests and Aboriginal Land Management in Australia’s ‘Wet Tropics’.” iScience 24(3):102190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102190
Robertson, Sarah. 2007. “Sources of Bias in the Murray Black Collection: Implications for Palaeopathological Analysis.” Australian Aboriginal Studies 2007(1):116–130.
Rossetto, Maurizio, Emilie J. Ens, Thijs Honings, Peter D. Wilson, Jia-Yee S. Yap, Oliver Costello, Erich R. Round, and Claire Bowern. 2017. “From Songlines to Genomes: Prehistoric Assisted Migration of a Rain Forest Tree by Australian Aboriginal People.” PLoS ONE 12:e0186663. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186663
Rowe, Cassandra, Sue O’Connor, and Jane Balme. 2020. “An Examination of Rockshelter Palynology: Carpenter’s Gap 1, Northwestern Australia.” The Holocene 30(8):1142–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620913921
Rowley-Conwy, Peter A. 2001. “Time, Change and the Archaeology of Hunter-Gatherers: How Original Is the ‘Original Affluent Society’?” In Hunter-Gatherers: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, edited by C. Panter-Brick, R. Layton and Peter A. Rowley-Conwy, 39–72. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rule, Susan, Barry W. Brook, Simon G. Haberle, Chris S. M. Turney, Peter Kershaw, and Christopher N. Johnson. 2012. “The Aftermath of Megafaunal Extinction: Ecosystem Transformation in Pleistocene Australia.” Science 335(6075):1483–486. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1214261
Russell-Smith, Jeremy, Diane Lucas, Minnie Gapindi, Billy Gunbunuka, Nipper Kapirigi, George Namingum, Kate Lucas, Pina Giuliani, and George Chaloupka. 1997. “Aboriginal Resource Utilization and Fire Management Practice in Western Arnhem Land, Monsoonal Northern Australia: Notes for Prehistory, Lessons for the Future.” Human Ecology 25(2):159–195. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021970021670
Sánchez-Pérez, R. 2019. “Mutation of a bHLH Transcription Factor Allowed Almond Domestication.” Science 364:1095–1098. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav8197
Santana, J., A. Millard, J. J. Ibáñez-Estevez, F. Bocquentin, G. Nowell, J. Peterkin, C. Macpherson, J. Muñiz, M. Anton, and M. Alrousan. 2021. “Multi-Isotope Evidence of Population Aggregation in the Natufian and Scant Migration During the Early Neolithic of the Southern Levant.” Scientific Reports 11(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90795-2
Shapter, Frances M., Michael Cross, Gary Ablett, Sylvia Malory, Ian H. Chivers, Graham J. Kings, and Robert J. Henry. 2013. “High-Throughput Sequencing and Mutagenesis to Accelerate the Domestication of Microlaena stipoides as a New Food Crop.” PLoS ONE 8:e82641. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.008264
Sherman, Brad and Robert J. Henry. 2020. “The Nagoya Protocol and the Problem of Historical Collections of Plants.” Nature Plants 6:430–432. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0657-8
Silcock, Jennifer. 2018. “Aboriginal Translocations: The Intentional Propagation and Dispersal of Plants in Aboriginal Australia.” Journal of Ethnobiology 38:390–406. https://doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771-38.3.390
Singh, G. and E. A. Geissler. 1985. “Late Cainozoic History of Vegetation, Fire, Lake Levels and Climate, at Lake George, New South Wales, Australia.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 311(1151):379–447. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1985.0156
Singh, G., Peter Kershaw, and R. Clark. 1981. “Quaternary Vegetation and Fire History in Australia.” In Fire and the Australian Biota, edited by A. M. Gill, R. H. Groves, and I. R. Noble, 23–54. Canberra: Australian Academy of Science.
Smith, Caitlin B. and Judith Littleton. 2019. “Enamel Defects at Roonka, South Australia: Indicators of Poor Health or the Osteological Paradox?” Australian Archaeology 85(2):139–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2019.1644863
Smith, Mike A. 2013. The Archaeology of Australia’s Deserts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, Mike A., Isabel McBryde, and June Ross. 2010. “The Economics of Grindstone Production at Narcoonowie Quarry, Strzelecki Desert.” Australian Aboriginal Studies 2010(1):92–99.
Smith, N. M. 1991. “Ethnobotanical Field Notes from the Northern Territory, Australia.” Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden 14(1):1–65.
Sutton, Peter and Keryn Walshe. 2021. Farmers or Hunter-Gatherers? The Dark Emu Debate. Melbourne: Melbourne University Publishing.
Thomas, D. F. 1956. “The Fishermen and Dugong Hunters of Princess Charlotte Bay.” Walkabout 22(11):33–56.
Tindale, Norman B. 1977. “Adaptive Significance of the Panara or Grass Seed Culture of Australia.” In Stone Tools as Cultural Markers: Change, Evolution and Complexity, edited by R. V. S. Wright, 340–349. London: Humanities Press.
Ulm, Sean. 2011. “Coastal Foragers on Southern Shores: Marine Resource Use in Northeast Australia since the Late Pleistocene.” In Trekking the Shore: Changing Coastlines and the Antiquity of Coastal Settlement, edited by N. F. Bicho, J. A. Haws, and L. G. Davis, 441–461. New York: Springer.
Veth, Peter, Cecilia Myers, Pauline Heaney, and Sven Ouzman. 2018. “Plants before Farming: The Deep History of Plant-Use and Representation in the Rock Art of Australia’s Kimberley Region.” Quaternary International 489:26–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.08.036
Wallis, Lynley A. 2001. “Environmental History of Northwest Australia Based on Phytolith Analysis at Carpenter’s Gap 1.” Quaternary International 83–85:103–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00033-7
Wallis, Lynley A., Bryce Barker, Heather Burke, Mia Dardengo, Robert Jansen, Dennis Melville, Geoffrey Jacks, Anthony Pagels, Andrew Schaefer, and Iain Davidson. 2021. “Huts and Stone Arrangements at Hilary Creek, Western Queensland: Recent Fieldwork at an Australian Aboriginal Site Complex.” Queensland Archaeological Research 24:1–47. https://doi.org/10.25120/qar.24.2021.3799
Wallis, Lynley A., Iain Davidson, Heather Burke, Scott Mitchell, Bryce Barker, Elizabeth Hatte, Noelene Cole, and Kelsey M. Lowe. 2017. “Aboriginal Stone Huts Along the Georgina River, Southwest Queensland.” Queensland Archaeological Research 20:1–8. https://doi.org/10.25120/qar.20.2017.3584
Walsh, Fiona. 1990. “An Ecological Study of Traditional Aboriginal Use of ‘Country’: Martu in the Great and Little Sandy Deserts, Western Australia.” In Australian ecosystems: 200 years of utilization, degradation and reconstruction: proceedings of a symposium held in Geraldton, Western Australia, 29 August – 2 September, 1988, edited by D. A. Saunders, A. J. Hopkins, and R. A. How, 23–37. Chipping Norton NSW: Surrey Beatty & Sons for the Ecological Society of Australia.
Walsh, Fiona J., Perrurle V. Dobson, and Josie C. Douglas. 2013. “Anpernirrentye: A Framework for Enhanced Application of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge in Natural Resource Management.” Ecology and Society 18:18. https://doi.org/10.5751/es-05501-180318
Wang, Xuan, Sander van der Kaars, Peter Kershaw, Michael Bird, and Fred Jansen. 1999. “A Record of Fire, Vegetation and Climate through the Last Three Glacial Cycles from Lombok Ridge Core G6-4, Eastern Indian Ocean, Indonesia.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 147(3–4):241–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00169-2
Wasef, Sally, Gabriel Wrobel, Nathan Wright, Joanne L. Wright, Shaun Adams, Jason Kariwiga, Matthew Leavesley, Mark Collard, and Michael C. Westaway. 2021. “A Contextualised Review of Genomic Evidence for Gene Flow Events between Papuans and Indigenous Australians in Cape York, Queensland.” Quaternary International 603:22–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.02.011
Webb, Steve. 1995. Palaeopathology of Aboriginal Australians: Health and Disease across a Hunter-Gatherer Continent. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Westaway, Michael C., Gilbert Price, Tony Miscamble, Jane McDonald, Jonathon Cramb, Jeremy Ringma, Rainer Grün, Darryl Jones, and Mark Collard. 2019. “A Palaeontological Perspective on the Proposal to Reintroduce Tasmanian Devils to Mainland Australia to Suppress Invasive Predators.” Biological Conservation 232:187–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.02.002
Westaway, Michael C., Douglas Williams, Kelsey Lowe, Nathan J. Wright, Ray Kerkhove, Jennifer Silcock, Joshua Gorringe, Justyna Miszkiewicz, Rachel Wood, Richard Adams, et al. 2021. “Hidden in Plain Sight: The Archaeological Landscape of Mithaka Country, South-West Queensland.” Antiquity 95(382):1043–1060. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2021.31
Westaway, Michael C., Douglas Williams, Richard Wright, Rachel Wood, Jon Olley, Jaime Swift, Sarah Martin, Justine Kemp, Shane Rolton, and William Bates. 2016. “The Death of Kaakutja: A Case of Peri-Mortem Weapon Trauma in an Aboriginal Man from North-Western New South Wales, Australia.” Antiquity 90(353):1318–333. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.173
Whitau, Rose, India E. Dilkes-Hall, Dorcas Vannieuwenhuyse, Sue O’Connor, and Jane Balme. 2018. “The Curious Case of Proteaceae: Macrobotanical Investigations at Mount Behn Rockshelter, Bunuba Country, Western Australia.” Australian Archaeology 84(1):19–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2018.1454656
Whitau, Rose, Dorcas Vannieuwenhuyse, Emilie Dotte-Sarout, Jane Balme, and Sue O’Connor. 2018. “Home Is Where the Hearth Is: Anthracological and Microstratigraphic Analyses of Pleistocene and Holocene Combustion Features, Riwi Cave (Kimberley, Western Australia).” Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 25(3):739–776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-017-9354-y
White, C. E. and C. P. Shelton. 2014. “Recovering Macrobotanical Remains: Current Methods and Techniques.” In Method and Theory in Paleoethnobotany, edited by John M. Marston, Jade d’Alpoim Guedes, and Christina Warinner, 5–114. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.
White, J. Peter. 2011. “Revisiting the ‘Neolithic Problem’ in Australia.” Records of the Western Australian Museum 79:86–92. https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.79.2011.086-092
Williams, Elizabeth. 1987. “Complex Hunter-Gatherers: A View from Australia.” Antiquity 61(232):310–321. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00052182
Witcher, R. 2021. “Editorial.” Antiquity 95(382):855–864. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2021.100
Woo, Katherine. 2021. “Diversity Is Not a ‘Tragedy’.” Australian Archaeology 87(3):322–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1991509
Wright, M., P. Faulkner, and Michael C. Westaway. 2023. “Evaluating Mid- to Late Holocene Economic Intensification through Analysis of a Mollusk Assemblage on the Tropical North Australian Coast.” In Human Behavioural Ecology and Coastal Environments, edited by H.B. Thakar and C.F. Fernandez, 199–228. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
Yen, Douglas E. 1989. “The Domestication of Environment.” In Foraging and Farming: The Evolution of Plant Exploitation, edited by D. R. Harris and G. C. Hillman, 55–75. London: Unwin Hyman.
———. 1995. “The Development of Sahul Agriculture with Australia as Bystander.” Antiquity 69:831–847. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00082375
Yibarbuk, D., P. J. Whitehead, J. Russell-Smith, D. Jackson, C. Godjuwa, A. Fisher, P. Cooke, D. Choquenot, and David M. J. S. Bowman. 2001. “Fire Ecology and Aboriginal Land Management in Central Arnhem Land, Northern Australia: A Tradition of Ecosystem Management.” Journal of Biogeography 28(3):325–343. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00555.x
Zeder, Melinda A. 2006. “Central Questions in the Domestication of Plants and Animals.” Evolutionary Anthropology 15:105–117. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.20101
Zohary, Daniel, Maria Hopf, and Ehud Weiss. 2012. Domestication of Plants in the Old World: The Origin and Spread of Domesticated Plants in Southwest Asia, Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
