Material Development and Spiritual Empowerment?

Pentecostalism in Northern Cameroon

Authors

  • Tomas Sundnes Drønen School of Mission and Theology, Stavanger

Keywords:

Cameroon, Pentecostal, mission, Development

Abstract

This article seeks to shed light on the relationship between material development and spiritual empowerment among Pentecostal churches in Northern Cameroon. Field studies show that several Pentecostal churches recently have been established in the area, and that they are “negotiating space” in order to find places and areas where they can influence the local community. Due to the strong Muslim control over the economy in the region, the new churches have little focus on prosperity, but the material and developmental discourse focus on entrepreneurship through education and hard work. The article concludes that the relative success achieved by the churches is connected to their focus on global mobility, local flexibility, spiritual authority and human dignity.

Author Biography

  • Tomas Sundnes Drønen, School of Mission and Theology, Stavanger

    Tomas Sundnes Drønen is Professor in global studies and religion at School of Mission and Theology, Stavanger, Norway. He has authored and edited many publications on globalization, development, and religious change in Africa; including Communication and Conversion in Northern Cameroon (Brill, 2009), Pentecostalism, Globalisation and Islam in Northern Cameroon (Brill, 2013), and Religion and Development (ed. Peter Lang, 2014).

References

Akoko, R. M. 2007. “Ask and you shall be given”: Pentecostalism and the Economic Crises in Cameroon, vol. 2 African Studies Collection. Leiden: African Studies Centre.

Anderson, A. 2010. “Varieties, Taxonomies, and Definitions.” In Anderson et al. (2010): 13–29.

—, M. Bergunder, A. F. Droogers and C. van der Laan (eds). 2010. Studying Global Pentecostalism: Theories and Methods. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Bergunder, M. 2010. “The Cultural Turn”. In Anderson et al. (2010): 52–73.

Clarke, M. 2011. Development and Religion: Theology and Practice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9780857930736

—. (ed.). 2013. Handbook of Research on Development and Religion. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Drønen, T. S. 2009. Communication and Conversion in Northern Cameroon: The Dii People and Norwegian Missionaries, 1934–1960. Leiden: Brill. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004177543.i-236

—. 2013. Pentecostalism, Globalisation, and Islam: Megachurches in the Making? Leiden: Brill.

—. (ed.). 2014. Religion and Development: Nordic Perspectives on Involvement in Africa. New York: Peter Lang.

Freeman, D. (ed.). 2012. Pentecostalism and Development: Churches, NGOs and Social Change in Africa. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137017253

Gifford, P. 1998. African Christianity: Its Public Role. London: Hurst.

—. 2004. Ghana’s New Christianity: Pentecostalism in a Globalising African Economy. London: Hurst.

—. 2007. “The Future of African Christianity”. Inaugural lecture, SOAS, London, 4 June.

—. 2009. Christianity, Politics and Public Life in Kenya. London: Hurst.

— and Nogueira-Godsey, T. 2011. “The Protestant Ethic and African Pentecostalism: A Case Study.” Journal for the Study of Religion 24: 5–22.

Kalu, O. 2008. African Pentecostalism: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340006.001.0001

Levitt, P. 2013. “Religion on the Move: Mapping Global Cultural Production and Consumption”. In C. Bender et al. (eds), Religion on the Edge: De-centering and Recentering the Sociology of Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 159–76.

Marshall-Fratani, R. 1993. “Power in the Name of Jesus’: Social Transformation and Pentecostalism in Western Nigeria ‘Revisited’.” In T. Ranger and O. Vaughan (eds), Legitimacy and the State in Twentieth Century Africa. London: Macmillan: 213–46.

—. 1998. “Mediating the Global and Local in Nigerian Pentecostalism.” Journal of Religion in Africa 28: 278–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006698X00035

Maxwell, D. 2000. “In Defence of African Creativity.” Journal of Religion in Africa 30: 468– 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006600X00410

—. 2005. “The Durawell of Faith: Pentecostal Spirituality in Neo-liberal Zimbabwe.” Journal of Religion in Africa 35: 4–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570066052995825

—. 2006. African Gifts of the Spirit: Pentecostalism and the Rise of a Zimbabwean Transnational Religious Movement. Oxford: James Curry.

Meyer, B. 1995. “‘Delivered from the Power of Darkness’: Confessions of Satanic Riches in Christian Ghana.” Africa 65: 236–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161192

—. 1998. “‘Make a Complete Break with the Past’: Memory and Post-Colonial Modernity in Ghanaian Pentecostalist Discourse.” Journal of Religion in Africa 28: 316–49.

Miller, E. and Yamamori, T. 2007. Global Pentecostalism: The New Face of Christian Social Engagement. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Sudan Mission/NMS. 1934. Conference Report: Sudan Mission/NMS 1934. Stavanger: Mission Archives

Sumner, A. and Tribe, M. 2008. International Development Studies: Theories and Methods in Research and Practice. Los Angeles, CA: Sage. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446279397

Ter Haar, G. (ed.). 2011. Religion and Development: Ways of Transforming the World. London: Hurst.

—. 2014. “Poverty and Prosperity in Africa”. In T. S. Drønen (ed.), Religion and Development. Nordic Perspectives on Involvement in Africa. New York: Peter Lang: 11–25.

Von Stuckrad, K. 2013. “Discursive Study of Religion: Approaches, Definitions, Implications”. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 25: 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700682-12341253

Webometrics. Undated. “Nigeria”. Available at www.webometrics.info/en/Africa/Nigeria (accessed 28 November 2014).

Published

2015-08-04

Issue

Section

PentecoStudies

Categories