Toward the Renaissance of Aboriginal Spiritual Culture
Intellectual Advances in Alberta
Keywords:
Canadian aboriginal traditions, traditional law, traditional medicines, medical curriculumAbstract
Despite the still-lingering negative image of Aboriginal traditions, the fact is that significant advances have been made in Canada to lift the discussion to another level and to place Aboriginal spiritual perceptions and attitudes into dialogue with Canadian intellectual life. This movement is in tandem with a general sense of renewal and engagement within the Aboriginal community itself...the community itself in renaissance. We deal here with some recent initiatives in Alberta that demonstrate how Indigenous viewpoints are beginning to be addressed by the academy and wider public. Critical, too is the notion expressed by Aboriginal people that the rise of their traditions is a way of addressing pressing social and medical problems. This analysis focuses on two areas of discussion: Aboriginal law and the incorporation of traditional notions into health sciences and medicine. It specifically reviews the approach by traditionalist Wayne Roan in the Albertasource website, examines the health initiatives of the Centre for the Cross-Cultural Study of Health and Healing and initiatives undertaken by Sundance chief and healer, Clifford Cardinal in the curriculum in the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Alberta. It also calls attention to the University of Calgary’s important initiative under the guidance of Peigan physician Dr. Lindsey Crowshoe. The renaissance continues with some of the advances made when traditional healers from across Canada gathered at the University to discuss the boundaries of sharing traditional knowledge with medical institutions. These elements can only be perceived as symbolic of a significantly wider movement.
References
Aboriginal Healing Foundation. 2007 64. Available at http://www.ahf.ca/. Accessed Sept 12, 2011.
Archibald, Linda. 2004 Teenage Pregnancy in Inuit Communities: Issues and Perspectives. Prepared for: Pauktuutit Inuit Women`s Association / Funded by Health Canada.
Asch, Michael. 1993a Home and Native Land: Aboriginal Rights and the Canadian Constitution. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
Asch, Michael. ed. 1997 Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada : Essays on Law, Equality and Respect for Difference. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
“From Terra Nullius to Affirmation : Reconciling Aboriginal Rights with the Canadian Constitution.” Canadian Journal of Law and Society 17(2):23–40.
Bell, Catherine, and Val Napoleon. 2008 First Nations Cultural Heritage and Law: Case Studies, Voices, and Perspectives. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
Bell, Catherine, and Robert K. Paterson. 2009 Protection of First Nations Cultural Heritage: Laws, Policy, and Reform. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
Borrows, John. 2002 Recovering Canada : The Resurgence of Indigenous Law. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Borrows, John, and Leonard I. Rotman. 2003 Aboriginal Legal Issues: Cases, Materials and Commentary. 2nd ed. Markham, ON: LexisNexis Butterworths.
Brown, Annette J. and Jo-Anne Fiske. 2010 “First Nations Women’s Encounters with Mainstream Health Care Services.” Western Journal of Nursing Research 23(2): 126–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019394590102300203
Burnett, Kristin. 2010 Taking Medicine: Women’s Healing Work and Colonial Contact in Southern Alberta, 1880–1930. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
Canada, Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. 1996 Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Ottawa: The Commission, 1996. http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ch/rcap/sg/sgmm_e.html Accessed Sept.1, 2011.
Devries, Karen M., Caroline Free, et al. 1999 “Factors Associated with Pregnancy and STI among Aboriginal Students in British Columbia.” Canadian Journal of Public Health 100(3): 226–230.
“Factors Associated With the Sexual Behavior of Canadian Aboriginal Young People and Their Implications for Health Promotion.” American Journal of Public Health 99(5): 855–861. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.132597
“‘I told him not to use condoms’: masculinities, femininities and sexual health of Aboriginal Canadian young people.” Sociology of Health & Illness 32(6): 827–842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2010.01242.x
Dupuis, Renée. 2002 Justice for Canada’s Aboriginal peoples. Toronto: James Lorimer and Company.
Elkins, David J. 1999 Policy Options: Bye-Bye for Good? Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy.
Finkelman, Paul and Tim Alan Garrison, eds. 2009 Encyclopedia of United States Indian Policy and Law. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
Foster, Hamar, Heather Raven, and Jeremy Webber, eds. 2007 Let Right Be Done: Aboriginal Title, the Calder Case, and the Future of Indigenous Rights. Vancouver: UBC Press.
Gibson, Gordon. 2009 A New Look at Canadian Indian Policy: Respect the Collective - Promote the Individual. Vancouver: Fraser Institute.
Green, Ross Gordon. 1998 Justice in Aboriginal Communities: Sentencing Alternatives. Saskatoon, SK: Purich Publishing.
Henderson, James Youngblood. 2006 First Nations Jurisprudence and Aboriginal Rights: Defining the Just Society. Saskatoon, SK: Native Law Centre.
Treaty Rights in the Constitution of Canada. Toronto: Thomson Carswell. Aboriginal Law. http://www.bloorstreet.com/200block/brintro.htm. Accessed Sept. 1, 2011.
Jennissen, Therese. 1992 Report: Health Issues in Rural Canada. Political and Social Affairs Division: BP-325E, 1992.
Larkin, June, Sarah Flicker, Ruth Koleszar-Green, Susan Mintz, Michelle Dagnino, and Claudia Mitchell. 2007 “HIV Risk, Systemic Inequalities, and Aboriginal Youth: Widening the Circle for HIV Prevention Programming.” Canadian Journal of Public Health 98(3): 179–182.
Long, Claudia R., and Mary Ann Curry. 1998 “Living in Two Worlds: Native American Women and Prenatal Care.” Health Care for Women International 19: 205–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/073993398246377
Mandelbaum, D.G. 1979 Plains Cree. Regina, SK: Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina.
Mandamin, Tony. 1993 “Aboriginal Justice Systems: Relationships.” In Royal Commission of Aboriginal Peoples National Round Table on Aboriginal Justice Issues, 275–308. Ottawa, ON: Minister of Supply and Services Canada.
“Harmony in the Community: Aboriginal Justice Sentencing Initiatives.” Law Now 21(1): 17–20.
Marrie Battiste. 2000 Protecting Indigenous Knowledge. Saskatoon, SK: Purich Publishing.
Miller, Bruce Granville. 2011 Oral History on Trial: Recognizing Aboriginal Narratives in the Courts. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
Morrow, W.H. ed. 1995 Northern Justice: The Memoirs of Mr. Justice William G. Morrow. Toronto: University of Toronto Press for Osgoode Society of Canadian Legal History and the Legal Archives Society of Alberta.
Myers, Gerald. 2001 William James: His Life and Thought. New Haven, CT: Yale University.
Orchard, Bonnie. 1998 Sentencing Circles in Saskatchewan: A Master’s in Law Thesis, College of Law. Saskatoon: University of Saskatchewan.
Orchard, Treena R., Eric Druyts, Colin W. McInnes, et al. 2010 “Factors Behind HIV testing practices among Canadian Aboriginal peoples living off-reserve.” AIDS Care 22(3): 324–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120903111510
Roan, Wayne and Earle Waugh. 2005 Storytelling. http://www.albertasource.ca/natureslaws/context/oral_storytelling.html
Ritual. http://www.albertasource.ca/natureslaws/traditions/traditions_ritual.html Accessed Sept. 1, 2011.
Ross, Rupert. 1996 Returning to the Teachings: Exploring Aboriginal Justice. Toronto: Penguin.
Smith, David E. 1999 The Republican Option in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Smith, Dawn, Colleen Varcoe and Nancy Edwards. 2005 “Turning Around the Intergenerational Impact of Residential Schools on Aboriginal People: Implications for Health Policy and Practice.” Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 37(4): 38–60.
Spiteri, Melanie. 2001 Sentencing Circles for Aboriginal Offenders in Canada: Furthering the Idea of Aboriginal Justice within a Western Justice Framework. Master’s Thesis, Sociology and Anthropology, University of Windsor: (see http://www.sfu.ca/crj/fulltext/spiteri.pdf).
Stuart, Barry. 1996 “Circle Sentencing in Canada: A Partnership of the Community and the Criminal Justice System.” International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 20: 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1996.9678578
Thom, Brian. 1998 “Aboriginal Rights and Title in Canada After Delgamuukw: Part One, Oral Traditions and Anthropological Evidence in the Courtroom.” Native Studies Review. 14(1):1-26
“Aboriginal Rights and Title in Canada After Delgamuukw: Part Two, Anthropological Perspectives on Rights, Tests, Infringement and Justification.” Native Studies Review 14(2):1–42.). Summarized in http://home.istar.ca/~bthom/rights.htm; Accessed Sept.1, 2011.
Webber, Jeremy. 1993 “Individuality, Equality and Difference: Justifications for a Parallel System of Aboriginal Justice.” In Royal Commission of Aboriginal Peoples National Round Table on Aboriginal Justice Issues, 133–160. Ottawa, ON: Minister of Supply and Services Canada.